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Batteries are a kind of energy conversion and storage devices that convert chemical or physical energy into electrical energy through reactions. According to the different energy conversion of the battery, the battery can be divided into a chemical battery and a biological battery. A chemical battery or chemical power source is a device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy. It comprises two electrochemically active electrodes with different components, respectively, composed of positive and negative electrodes. A chemical substance that can provide media conduction is used as an electrolyte. When connected to an external carrier, it delivers electrical energy by converting its internal chemical energy. A physical battery is a device that converts physical energy into electrical energy.

Isi ihe dị iche bụ na ihe na-arụ ọrụ dị iche iche. Ihe na-arụ ọrụ nke batrị nke abụọ na-atụgharị, ebe ihe na-arụ ọrụ nke batrị bụ isi abụghị. Mwepu onwe nke batrị nke mbụ dị obere karịa nke batrị nke abụọ. N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, nguzogide dị n'ime dị ukwuu karịa nke batrị nke abụọ, ya mere ikike ibu dị ala. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, ikike nke nnukwu ọnụ na ike kpọmkwem nke batrị bụ isi dị mkpa karịa nke batrị nwere ike ịchaji.

Ni-MH batteries use Ni oxide as the positive electrode, hydrogen storage metal as the negative electrode, and lye (mainly KOH) as the electrolyte. When the nickel-hydrogen battery is charged: Positive electrode reaction: Ni(OH)2 + OH- → NiOOH + H2O–e- Adverse electrode reaction: M+H2O +e-→ MH+ OH- When the Ni-MH battery is discharged: Positive electrode reaction: NiOOH + H2O + e- → Ni(OH)2 + OH- Negative electrode reaction: MH+ OH- →M+H2O +e-

The main component of the positive electrode of the lithium-ion battery is LiCoO2, and the negative electrode is mainly C. When charging, Positive electrode reaction: LiCoO2 → Li1-xCoO2 + xLi+ + xe- Negative reaction: C + xLi+ + xe- → CLix Total battery reaction: LiCoO2 + C → Li1-xCoO2 + CLix The reverse reaction of the above reaction occurs during discharge.

Commonly used IEC standards for batteries: The standard for nickel-metal hydride batteries is IEC61951-2: 2003; the lithium-ion battery industry generally follows UL or national standards. Commonly used national standards for batteries: The standards for nickel-metal hydride batteries are GB/T15100_1994, GB/T18288_2000; the standards for lithium batteries are GB/T10077_1998, YD/T998_1999, and GB/T18287_2000. In addition, the commonly used standards for batteries also include the Japanese Industrial Standard JIS C on batteries. IEC, the International Electrical Commission (International Electrical Commission), is a worldwide standardization organization composed of electrical committees of various countries. Its purpose is to promote the standardization of the world's electrical and electronic fields. IEC standards are standards formulated by the International Electrotechnical Commission.

Ihe ndị bụ isi nke batrị hydride nickel-metal hydride bụ mpempe akwụkwọ electrode dị mma (nickel oxide), mpempe akwụkwọ electrode na-adịghị mma (ihe nchekwa nchekwa hydrogen), electrolyte (karịsịa KOH), akwụkwọ diaphragm, mgbanaka akara, okpu electrode ziri ezi, batrị batrị, wdg.

Akụkụ bụ isi nke batrị lithium-ion bụ ihe mkpuchi batrị dị elu na nke ala, mpempe akwụkwọ electrode dị mma (ihe na-arụ ọrụ bụ lithium cobalt oxide), onye na-ekewapụta (akpụkpọ ahụ mejupụtara pụrụ iche), electrode na-adịghị mma (ihe na-arụ ọrụ bụ carbon), electrolyte organic, batrị batrị. (kewara n'ime ụdị abụọ nke shea nchara na aluminom shei) na ndị ọzọ.

Ọ na-ezo aka na nguzogide nke ugbu a na-eru na batrị mgbe batrị na-arụ ọrụ. Ihe mejupụtara ya bụ nguzogide n'ime ohmic na nkwụsi ike dị n'ime. Nnukwu nkwụsi ike nke ime batrị ga-ebelata voltaji na-arụ ọrụ batrị ma belata oge nkwụsị. Ihe batrị, usoro nrụpụta, nhazi batrị, na ihe ndị ọzọ na-emetụta nkwụsi ike dị n'ime. Ọ bụ oke dị mkpa iji tụọ arụmọrụ batrị. Mara: N'ozuzu, nguzogide dị n'ime na steeti ebubo bụ ọkọlọtọ. Iji gbakọọ nkwụsi ike dị n'ime batrị, ọ kwesịrị iji mita nguzogide dị n'ime pụrụ iche kama ịbụ multimeter na oke ohm.

Voltaji ọnụ nke batrị na-ezo aka na voltaji egosiri n'oge arụ ọrụ oge niile. Igwe ọkụ ọnụ nke batrị nickel-cadmium nickel-hydrogen nke abụọ bụ 1.2V; voltaji ọnụ nke batrị lithium nke abụọ bụ 3.6V.

Mepee voltaji sekit na-ezo aka na ọdịiche nwere ike dị n'etiti electrodes dị mma na nke na-adịghị mma nke batrị mgbe batrị anaghị arụ ọrụ, ya bụ, mgbe ọ na-enweghị ugbu a na-agafe na sekit. Voltaji na-arụ ọrụ, nke a makwaara dị ka voltaji ọdụ, na-ezo aka na ọdịiche nwere ike dị n'etiti oghere dị mma na nke na-adịghị mma nke batrị mgbe batrị na-arụ ọrụ, ya bụ, mgbe enwere oke na sekit.

A na-ekewa ike nke batrị n'ime ike a tụrụ atụ na ike dị adị. Ike batrị gosiri na-ezo aka na iwu ma ọ bụ ekwe nkwa na batrị kwesịrị ịwepụ obere ọkụ eletrik n'okpuru ụfọdụ ọnọdụ mwepu n'oge nhazi na mmepụta nke oké ifufe ahụ. Standardkpụrụ IEC kwuru na a na-ana batrị nickel-cadmium na nickel-metal hydride na 0.1C maka awa 16 wee wepụta ya na 0.2C ruo 1.0V na okpomọkụ nke 20°C±5°C. Egosiputara ike batrị dị ka C5. A na-akwado batrị lithium-ion ka ọ na-ana maka awa 3 n'okpuru nkezi okpomọkụ, na-achịkwa ugbu a (1C) - voltaji na-adịgide adịgide (4.2V) ọnọdụ na-achọsi ike, wee hapụ ya na 0.2C ruo 2.75V mgbe a na-enweta ọkụ eletrik. Ike batrị ahụ n'ezie na-ezo aka n'ezie ike nke oké ifufe ahụ tọhapụrụ n'okpuru ụfọdụ ọnọdụ nkwụsịtụ, nke na-emetụta ya na ọnụego nkwụsị na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ (ya mere, n'ikwu ya n'ụzọ zuru ezu, ikike batrị kwesịrị ịkọwapụta ụgwọ na ọnọdụ). Akụkụ nke ikike batrị bụ Ah, mAh (1Ah=1000mAh).

Mgbe batrị enwere ike ịchaji na nnukwu ihe dị ugbu a (dị ka 1C ma ọ bụ n'elu), n'ihi "mmetụta ọkpọkọ" dị na ọnụego mgbasa ozi dị n'ime nke ihe na-agabiga ugbu a, batrị ahụ erutela voltaji njedebe mgbe ike na-enweghị ike zuru ezu. , wee jiri obere ihe dị ugbu a dị ka 0.2C nwere ike ịnọgide na-ewepụ, ruo mgbe 1.0V / ibe (nickel-cadmium na nickel-hydrogen batrị) na 3.0V / ibe (batrị lithium), a na-akpọ ikike a tọhapụrụ ikike ikike.

Ikpo okwu mwepu nke batrị Ni-MH nwere ike ịchaji na-ezokarị aka na oke voltaji nke voltaji na-arụ ọrụ batrị kwụsiri ike mgbe a na-ahapụ ya n'okpuru sistemu mwepu a kapịrị ọnụ. Uru ya metụtara ntọhapụ ugbu a. Ka ibu nke ugbu a, na-ebelata ibu arọ. Ngwunye ikpo okwu nke batrị lithium-ion bụ n'ozuzu ịkwụsị ịchaji mgbe voltaji dị 4.2V, na ugbu a bụ ihe na-erughị 0.01C na voltaji na-adịgide adịgide, wee hapụ ya maka nkeji 10, ma wepụ ya na 3.6V na ọnụego ọ bụla nke nkwụsị. ugbu a. Ọ bụ ọkọlọtọ dị mkpa iji tụọ ogo batrị.

Dịka ọkọlọtọ IEC si dị, akara batrị Ni-MH nwere akụkụ ise. 01) Battery type: HF and HR indicate nickel-metal hydride batteries 02) Battery size information: including the diameter and height of the round battery, the height, width, and thickness of the square battery, and the values ​​are separated by a slash, unit: mm 03) Discharge characteristic symbol: L means that the suitable discharge current rate is within 0.5C M indicates that the suitable discharge current rate is within 0.5-3.5C H indicates that the suitable discharge current rate is within 3.5-7.0C X indicates that the battery can work at a high rate discharge current of 7C-15C. 04) High-temperature battery symbol: represented by T 05) Battery connection piece: CF represents no connection piece, HH represents the connection piece for battery pull-type series connection, and HB represents the connection piece for side-by-side series connection of battery belts. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, HF18/07/49 na-anọchi anya batrị nickel-metal hydride batrị nwere obosara nke 18mm, 7mm, na ịdị elu nke 49mm. KRMT33/62HH na-anọchi anya batrị nickel-cadmium; Nhapu ọnụego bụ n'etiti 0.5C-3.5, elu-okpomọkụ usoro otu batrị (na-enweghị ejikọta ibe), dayameta 33mm, elu 62mm. According to the IEC61960 standard, the identification of the secondary lithium battery is as follows: 01) The battery logo composition: 3 letters, followed by five numbers (cylindrical) or 6 (square) numbers. 02) Akwụkwọ ozi mbụ: na-egosi ihe electrode na-emerụ ahụ nke batrị ahụ. I-na-anọchi anya lithium-ion nwere batrị arụnyere n'ime ya; L-na-anọchi anya lithium metal electrode ma ọ bụ lithium alloy electrode. 03) Akwụkwọ ozi nke abụọ: na-egosi ihe cathode nke batrị ahụ. C - electrode dabeere na cobalt; N — electrode dabeere na nickel; M - electrode dabeere na manganese; V - electrode dabere na vanadium. 04) Akwụkwọ ozi nke atọ: na-egosi ụdị batrị ahụ. R-anọchi anya batrị cylindrical; L-anọchi anya batrị square. 05) Ọnụọgụ: batrị cylindrical: ọnụọgụ 5 n'otu n'otu na-egosi dayameta na ịdị elu nke oké ifufe ahụ. Akụkụ nke dayameta bụ millimeter, na nha ya bụ otu ụzọ n'ụzọ iri nke millimita. Mgbe dayameta ma ọ bụ ịdị elu ọ bụla karịrị 100mm ma ọ bụ hà nhata, ọ ga-agbakwunye eriri diagonal n'etiti nha abụọ ahụ. Batrị square: Nọmba 6 na-egosi ọkpụrụkpụ, obosara, na ịdị elu nke oké ifufe ahụ na millimeters. Mgbe nke ọ bụla n'ime akụkụ atọ dị ukwuu karịa ma ọ bụ hà nhata 100mm, ọ ga-agbakwunye slash n'etiti akụkụ; ọ bụrụ na nke ọ bụla n'ime akụkụ atọ ahụ erughị 1mm, a na-agbakwunye mkpụrụedemede "t" n'ihu akụkụ a, na nkeji nke akụkụ a bụ otu ụzọ n'ụzọ iri nke millimeter. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ICR18650 na-anọchi anya batrị lithium-ion nke abụọ cylindrical; ihe cathode bụ cobalt, dayameta ya dị ihe dịka 18mm, ịdị elu ya dịkwa ihe dịka 65mm. ICR20/1050. ICP083448 na-anọchi anya batrị lithium-ion nke abụọ nke square; ihe cathode bụ cobalt, ọkpụrụkpụ ya dị ihe dị ka 8mm, obosara ya dị ihe dịka 34mm, ịdị elu ya dịkwa ihe dịka 48mm. ICP08/34/150 na-anọchi anya batrị lithium-ion nke abụọ nke square; ihe cathode bụ cobalt, ọkpụrụkpụ ya dị ihe dị ka 8mm, obosara ya dị ihe dịka 34mm, ịdị elu ya dịkwa ihe dịka 150mm.

01) Non-dry meson (paper) such as fiber paper, double-sided tape 02) PVC film, trademark tube 03) Connecting sheet: stainless steel sheet, pure nickel sheet, nickel-plated steel sheet 04) Lead-out piece: stainless steel piece (easy to solder) Pure nickel sheet (spot-welded firmly) 05) Plugs 06) Protection components such as temperature control switches, overcurrent protectors, current limiting resistors 07) Carton, paper box 08) Plastic shell

01) Beautiful, brand 02) The battery voltage is limited. To obtain a higher voltage, it must connect multiple batteries in series. 03) Protect the battery, prevent short circuits, and prolong battery life 04) Size limitation 05) Easy to transport 06) Design of special functions, such as waterproof, unique appearance design, etc.

Ọ na-agụnyekarị voltaji, nkwụsi ike dị n'ime, ikike, ike ike, nrụgide dị n'ime, nkwụsị onwe onye, ​​​​ndụ okirikiri, ọrụ akara, arụmọrụ nchekwa, arụmọrụ nchekwa, ọdịdị, wdg. E nwekwara ihe nrịbama, nkwụsịtụ, na nkwụsị nke corrosion.

01) Cycle life 02) Different rate discharge characteristics 03) Discharge characteristics at different temperatures 04) Charging characteristics 05) Self-discharge characteristics 06) Storage characteristics 07) Over-discharge characteristics 08) Internal resistance characteristics at different temperatures 09) Temperature cycle test 10) Drop test 11) Vibration test 12) Capacity test 13) Internal resistance test 14) GMS test 15) High and low-temperature impact test 16) Mechanical shock test 17) High temperature and high humidity test

01) Short circuit test 02) Overcharge and over-discharge test 03) Withstand voltage test 04) Impact test 05) Vibration test 06) Heating test 07) Fire test 09) Variable temperature cycle test 10) Trickle charge test 11) Free drop test 12) low air pressure test 13) Forced discharge test 15) Electric heating plate test 17) Thermal shock test 19) Acupuncture test 20) Squeeze test 21) Heavy object impact test

Charging method of Ni-MH battery: 01) Constant current charging: the charging current is a specific value in the whole charging process; this method is the most common; 02) Constant voltage charging: During the charging process, both ends of the charging power supply maintain a constant value, and the current in the circuit gradually decreases as the battery voltage increases; 03) Constant current and constant voltage charging: The battery is first charged with constant current (CC). When the battery voltage rises to a specific value, the voltage remains unchanged (CV), and the wind in the circuit drops to a small amount, eventually tending to zero. Lithium battery charging method: Constant current and constant voltage charging: The battery is first charged with constant current (CC). When the battery voltage rises to a specific value, the voltage remains unchanged (CV), and the wind in the circuit drops to a small amount, eventually tending to zero.

Standardkpụrụ IEC mba ụwa kwuru na ọkọlọtọ chaja na ịchaji batrị nickel-metal hydride batrị bụ: buru ụzọ wepụ batrị na 0.2C ruo 1.0V/ibe, wee chajị na 0.1C maka awa 16, hapụ ya maka elekere 1, tinye ya. na 0.2C ruo 1.0V/ibe, ya bụ Ịchaji na ịwepu ọkọlọtọ batrị.

Nchaji pulse na-eji chaja na chajịjị, ịtọ ntọala maka sekọnd 5 wee wepụta 1 sekọnd. Ọ ga-ebelata ihe ka ukwuu n'ime ikuku oxygen a na-emepụta n'oge usoro ịchaji na electrolytes n'okpuru usu a na-ewepụ. Ọ bụghị naanị na ọ na-amachi ọnụ ọgụgụ nke vaporization electrolyte dị n'ime, mana batrị ochie ndị ejirila polarized ga-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-agbake ma ọ bụ bịaruo ikike mbụ ahụ mgbe oge 5-10 nke chaja na chaja na-eji usoro nchaji a.

A na-eji chaja aghụghọ emeju maka mfu ike nke batrị na-agbapụta onwe ya na-akpata mgbe chajịrị ya nke ọma. N'ozuzu, a na-eji chaja pulse ugbu a iji nweta ebumnuche a dị n'elu.

Nchaji arụmọrụ na-ezo aka n'ókè nke ike eletriki batrị na-eri n'oge usoro nchaji na-agbanwe ka ọ bụrụ ike kemịkal nke batrị nwere ike ịchekwa. Teknụzụ batrị na-emetụta ya na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ nke gburugburu ebe obibi nke oke mmiri ozuzo - n'ozuzu, ka okpomọkụ dị elu dị elu, na-ebelata arụmọrụ nchaji.

Ịrụ arụ ọrụ nke ọma na-ezo aka n'ezie ike a na-ewepụta na voltaji njedebe n'okpuru ụfọdụ ọnọdụ mwepu na ikike akwadoro. Ọ na-emetụta nke ọma site na ọnụego mwepu, ọnọdụ okpomọkụ, mgbochi ime, na ihe ndị ọzọ. N'ozuzu, ka ọnụ ọgụgụ nkwụsị ahụ dị elu, ọnụ ọgụgụ nkwụsị ahụ dị elu. Na-ebelata arụmọrụ ntọhapụ. Na-ebelata okpomọkụ, na-ebelata arụmọrụ nkwụsị.

The output power of a battery refers to the ability to output energy per unit time. It is calculated based on the discharge current I and the discharge voltage, P=U*I, the unit is watts. The lower the internal resistance of the battery, the higher the output power. The internal resistance of the battery should be less than the internal resistance of the electrical appliance. Otherwise, the battery itself consumes more power than the electrical appliance, which is uneconomical and may damage the battery.

Self-discharge is also called charge retention capability, which refers to the retention capability of the battery's stored power under certain environmental conditions in an open circuit state. Generally speaking, self-discharge is mainly affected by manufacturing processes, materials, and storage conditions. Self-discharge is one of the main parameters to measure battery performance. Generally speaking, the lower the storage temperature of the battery, the lower the self-discharge rate, but it should also note that the temperature is too low or too high, which may damage the battery and become unusable. After the battery is fully charged and left open for some time, a certain degree of self-discharge is average. The IEC standard stipulates that after fully charged, Ni-MH batteries should be left open for 28 days at a temperature of 20℃±5℃ and humidity of (65±20)%, and the 0.2C discharge capacity will reach 60% of the initial total.

The self-discharge test of lithium battery is: Generally, 24-hour self-discharge is used to test its charge retention capacity quickly. The battery is discharged at 0.2C to 3.0V, constant current. Constant voltage is charged to 4.2V, cut-off current: 10mA, after 15 minutes of storage, discharge at 1C to 3.0 V test its discharge capacity C1, then set the battery with constant current and constant voltage 1C to 4.2V, cut-off current: 10mA, and measure 1C capacity C2 after being left for 24 hours. C2/C1*100% should be more significant than 99%.

The internal resistance in the charged state refers to the internal resistance when the battery is 100% fully charged; the internal resistance in the discharged state refers to the internal resistance after the battery is fully discharged. Generally speaking, the internal resistance in the discharged state is not stable and is too large. The internal resistance in the charged state is more minor, and the resistance value is relatively stable. During the battery's use, only the charged state's internal resistance is of practical significance. In the later period of the battery's help, due to the exhaustion of the electrolyte and the reduction of the activity of internal chemical substances, the battery's internal resistance will increase to varying degrees.

Ihe nguzogide dị n'ime bụ nkwụsi ike dị n'ime batrị n'oge ọ na-agbapụta, yana nkwụsi ike dị n'ime bụ nkwụsi ike nke ime batrị n'oge ịchaji.

The IEC stipulates that the standard overcharge test for nickel-metal hydride batteries is: Discharge the battery at 0.2C to 1.0V/piece, and charge it continuously at 0.1C for 48 hours. The battery should have no deformation or leakage. After overcharge, the discharge time from 0.2C to 1.0V should be more than 5 hours.

IEC stipulates that the standard cycle life test of nickel-metal hydride batteries is: After the battery is placed at 0.2C to 1.0V/pc 01) Charge at 0.1C for 16 hours, then discharge at 0.2C for 2 hours and 30 minutes (one cycle) 02) Charge at 0.25C for 3 hours and 10 minutes, and discharge at 0.25C for 2 hours and 20 minutes (2-48 cycles) 03) Charge at 0.25C for 3 hours and 10 minutes, and release to 1.0V at 0.25C (49th cycle) 04) Charge at 0.1C for 16 hours, put it aside for 1 hour, discharge at 0.2C to 1.0V (50th cycle). For nickel-metal hydride batteries, after repeating 400 cycles of 1-4, the 0.2C discharge time should be more significant than 3 hours; for nickel-cadmium batteries, repeating a total of 500 cycles of 1-4, the 0.2C discharge time should be more critical than 3 hours.

Refers to the internal air pressure of the battery, which is caused by the gas generated during the charging and discharging of the sealed battery and is mainly affected by battery materials, manufacturing processes, and battery structure. The main reason for this is that the gas generated by the decomposition of moisture and organic solution inside the battery accumulates. Generally, the internal pressure of the battery is maintained at an average level. In the case of overcharge or over-discharge, the internal pressure of the battery may increase: For example, overcharge, positive electrode: 4OH--4e → 2H2O + O2↑; ① The generated oxygen reacts with the hydrogen precipitated on the negative electrode to produce water 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O ② If the speed of reaction ② is lower than that of reaction ①, the oxygen generated will not be consumed in time, which will cause the internal pressure of the battery to rise.

IEC stipulates that the standard charge retention test for nickel-metal hydride batteries is: After putting the battery at 0.2C to 1.0V, charge it at 0.1C for 16 hours, store it at 20℃±5℃ and humidity of 65%±20%, keep it for 28 days, then discharge it to 1.0V at 0.2C, and Ni-MH batteries should be more than 3 hours. The national standard stipulates that the standard charge retention test for lithium batteries is: (IEC has no relevant standards) the battery is placed at 0.2C to 3.0/piece, and then charged to 4.2V at a constant current and voltage of 1C, with a cut-off wind of 10mA and a temperature of 20 After storing for 28 days at ℃±5℃, discharge it to 2.75V at 0.2C and calculate the discharge capacity. Compared with the battery's nominal capacity, it should be no less than 85% of the initial total.

Jiri waya nwere nguzogide dị n'ime ≤100mΩ iji jikọọ mkpanaka batrị chajịrị nke ọma na nke na-adịghị mma n'ime igbe mgbawa iji megharịa mkpanaka ndị dị mma na adịghị mma. Batrị ekwesịghị ịgbawa ma ọ bụ gbaa ọkụ.

The high temperature and humidity test of Ni-MH battery are: After the battery is fully charged, store it under constant temperature and humidity conditions for several days, and observe no leakage during storage. The high temperature and high humidity test of lithium battery is: (national standard) Charge the battery with 1C constant current and constant voltage to 4.2V, cut-off current of 10mA, and then put it in a continuous temperature and humidity box at (40±2)℃ and relative humidity of 90%-95% for 48h, then take out the battery in (20 Leave it at ±5)℃ for two h. Observe that the appearance of the battery should be standard. Then discharge to 2.75V at a constant current of 1C, and then perform 1C charging and 1C discharge cycles at (20±5)℃ until the discharge capacity Not less than 85% of the initial total, but the number of cycles is not more than three times.

Mgbe batrị chajịchara, tinye ya na oven wee kpoo ọkụ site na ọnụ ụlọ okpomọkụ na ọnụego 5 Celsius C / min. 5°C/min. Mgbe oven ahụ ruru 130 Celsius C, debe ya maka nkeji 30. Batrị ekwesịghị ịgbawa ma ọ bụ gbaa ọkụ. Mgbe oven ahụ ruru 130 Celsius C, debe ya maka nkeji 30. Batrị ekwesịghị ịgbawa ma ọ bụ gbaa ọkụ.

The temperature cycle experiment contains 27 cycles, and each process consists of the following steps: 01) The battery is changed from average temperature to 66±3℃, placed for 1 hour under the condition of 15±5%, 02) Switch to a temperature of 33±3°C and humidity of 90±5°C for 1 hour, 03) The condition is changed to -40±3℃ and placed for 1 hour 04) Put the battery at 25℃ for 0.5 hours These four steps complete a cycle. After 27 cycles of experiments, the battery should have no leakage, alkali climbing, rust, or other abnormal conditions.

Mgbe batrị ma ọ bụ ngwugwu batrị gbachara nke ọma, a na-esi n'ịdị elu 1m tụda ya n'ala simenti (ma ọ bụ simenti) ugboro atọ iji nweta ujo n'ụzọ na-enweghị usoro.

The vibration test method of Ni-MH battery is: After discharging the battery to 1.0V at 0.2C, charge it at 0.1C for 16 hours, and then vibrate under the following conditions after being left for 24 hours: Amplitude: 0.8mm Make the battery vibrate between 10HZ-55HZ, increasing or decreasing at a vibration rate of 1HZ every minute. The battery voltage change should be within ±0.02V, and the internal resistance change should be within ±5mΩ. (Vibration time is 90min) The lithium battery vibration test method is: After the battery is discharged to 3.0V at 0.2C, it is charged to 4.2V with constant current and constant voltage at 1C, and the cut-off current is 10mA. After being left for 24 hours, it will vibrate under the following conditions: The vibration experiment is carried out with the vibration frequency from 10 Hz to 60 Hz to 10 Hz in 5 minutes, and the amplitude is 0.06 inches. The battery vibrates in three-axis directions, and each axis shakes for half an hour. The battery voltage change should be within ±0.02V, and the internal resistance change should be within ±5mΩ.

Mgbe batrị chajịchara nke ọma, tinye mkpanaka siri ike n'ahịrị ma dobe ihe dị kilogram 20 site n'ịdị elu ụfọdụ na mkpanaka siri ike. Batrị ekwesịghị ịgbawa ma ọ bụ gbaa ọkụ.

Mgbe batrị chajịchara nke ọma, gafere ntu nke otu dayameta site na etiti oke ifufe ahụ wee hapụ pin na batrị ahụ. Batrị ekwesịghị ịgbawa ma ọ bụ gbaa ọkụ.

Debe batrị zuru ezu na ngwaọrụ kpo oku nwere mkpuchi nchebe pụrụ iche maka ọkụ, ọ dịghịkwa ihe mkpofu ga-agafe na mkpuchi nchebe.

Ọ gafere ISO9001: 2000 àgwà usoro asambodo na ISO14001: 2004 gburugburu ebe obibi nchebe usoro asambodo; ngwaahịa ahụ enwetala asambodo EU CE na asambodo North America UL, gafere ule nchekwa gburugburu SGS, wee nweta ikike patent nke Ovonic; N'otu oge ahụ, PICC akwadola ngwaahịa ụlọ ọrụ ahụ n'okpuru ederede oke oke ụwa.

Batrị dị njikere iji bụ ụdị batrị Ni-MH ọhụrụ nwere ọnụ ahịa njide dị elu nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ malitere. Ọ bụ batrị na-eguzogide nchekwa yana arụ ọrụ abụọ nke batrị isi na nke abụọ ma nwee ike dochie batrị nke mbụ. Ya bụ, enwere ike ịmegharị batrị ahụ ma nwee ikike dị elu karịa ka a na-echekwa ya otu oge yana batrị Ni-MH nke abụọ nkịtị.

Compared with similar products, this product has the following remarkable features: 01) Smaller self-discharge; 02) Longer storage time; 03) Over-discharge resistance; 04) Long cycle life; 05) Especially when the battery voltage is lower than 1.0V, it has a good capacity recovery function; More importantly, this type of battery has a charge retention rate of up to 75% when stored in an environment of 25°C for one year, so this battery is the ideal product to replace disposable batteries.

01) Please read the battery manual carefully before use; 02) The electrical and battery contacts should be clean, wiped clean with a damp cloth if necessary, and installed according to the polarity mark after drying; 03) Do not mix old and new batteries, and different types of batteries of the same model can not be combined so as not to reduce the efficiency of use; 04) The disposable battery cannot be regenerated by heating or charging; 05) Do not short-circuit the battery; 06) Do not disassemble and heat the battery or throw the battery into the water; 07) When electrical appliances are not in use for a long time, it should remove the battery, and it should turn the switch off after use; 08) Do not discard waste batteries randomly, and separate them from other garbage as much as possible to avoid polluting the environment; 09) When there is no adult supervision, do not allow children to replace the battery. Small batteries should be placed out of the reach of children; 10) it should store the battery in a cool, dry place without direct sunlight.

At present, nickel-cadmium, nickel-metal hydride, and lithium-ion rechargeable batteries are widely used in various portable electrical equipment (such as notebook computers, cameras, and mobile phones). Each rechargeable battery has its unique chemical properties. The main difference between nickel-cadmium and nickel-metal hydride batteries is that the energy density of nickel-metal hydride batteries is relatively high. Compared with batteries of the same type, the capacity of Ni-MH batteries is twice that of Ni-Cd batteries. This means that the use of nickel-metal hydride batteries can significantly extend the working time of the equipment when no additional weight is added to the electrical equipment. Another advantage of nickel-metal hydride batteries is that they significantly reduce the "memory effect" problem in cadmium batteries to use nickel-metal hydride batteries more conveniently. Ni-MH batteries are more environmentally friendly than Ni-Cd batteries because there are no toxic heavy metal elements inside. Li-ion has also quickly become a common power source for portable devices. Li-ion can provide the same energy as Ni-MH batteries but can reduce weight by about 35%, suitable for electrical equipment such as cameras and laptops. It is crucial. Li-ion has no "memory effect," The advantages of no toxic substances are also essential factors that make it a common power source. It will significantly reduce the discharge efficiency of Ni-MH batteries at low temperatures. Generally, the charging efficiency will increase with the increase of temperature. However, when the temperature rises above 45°C, the performance of rechargeable battery materials at high temperatures will degrade, and it will significantly shorten the battery's cycle life.

Mwepu ọnụego na-ezo aka na mmekọrịta ọnụego dị n'etiti mwepu ugbu a (A) na ikike akwadoro (A•h) n'oge ọkụ. Mwepu ọnụego elekere kwa elekere na-ezo aka na awa achọrọ iji wepụta ikike echere na otu mmepụta ugbu a.

Since the battery in a digital camera has a low temperature, the active material activity is significantly reduced, which may not provide the camera's standard operating current, so outdoor shooting in areas with low temperature, especially. Pay attention to the warmth of the camera or battery.

Akwụ ụgwọ -10-45 ℃ Mwepu -30-55 ℃

Ọ bụrụ na ị na-agwakọta batrị ọhụrụ na nke ochie na ikike dị iche iche ma ọ bụ jiri ya mee ihe, enwere ike ịpụpụ, voltaji efu, wdg. Nke a bụ n'ihi ọdịiche dị na ike n'oge usoro nchaji, nke na-eme ka ụfọdụ batrị na-ebufe n'oge ịchaji. Ụfọdụ batrị anaghị chajịcha ma nwee ikike mgbe a na-ahapụ ya. Akwụsịghị batrị dị elu n'ụzọ zuru ezu, yana batrị dị obere na-agbapụkwa ya. N'ime okirikiri ọjọọ dị otú ahụ, batrị mebiri emebi, na-agbapụta ma ọ bụ nwee voltaji dị ala (efu).

Ijikọ nsọtụ abụọ nke mpụta batrị na onye nduzi ọ bụla ga-eme ka mkpirisi mpụta dị mkpụmkpụ. Usoro dị mkpirikpi nwere ike iweta nsonaazụ siri ike maka ụdị batrị dị iche iche, dị ka okpomọkụ electrolyte na-ebili, nrụgide ikuku dị n'ime, wdg. Ọnọdụ a na-emebi batrị nke ukwuu. Ọ bụrụ na valvụ nchekwa daa, ọ nwere ike bute mgbawa. Ya mere, emela batrị dị mkpụmkpụ na mpụga.

01) Charging: When choosing a charger, it is best to use a charger with correct charging termination devices (such as anti-overcharge time devices, negative voltage difference (-V) cut-off charging, and anti-overheating induction devices) to avoid shortening the battery life due to overcharging. Generally speaking, slow charging can prolong the service life of the battery better than fast charging. 02) Discharge: a. The depth of discharge is the main factor affecting battery life. The higher the depth of release, the shorter the battery life. In other words, as long as the depth of discharge is reduced, it can significantly extend the battery's service life. Therefore, we should avoid over-discharging the battery to a very low voltage. b. When the battery is discharged at a high temperature, it will shorten its service life. c. If the designed electronic equipment cannot completely stop all current, if the equipment is left unused for a long time without taking out the battery, the residual current will sometimes cause the battery to be excessively consumed, causing the storm to over-discharge. d. When using batteries with different capacities, chemical structures, or different charge levels, as well as batteries of various old and new types, the batteries will discharge too much and even cause reverse polarity charging. 03) Storage: If the battery is stored at a high temperature for a long time, it will attenuate its electrode activity and shorten its service life.

Ọ bụrụ na ọ gaghị eji ngwa eletriki eme ihe ruo ogologo oge, ọ ka mma iwepụ batrị ma tinye ya na obere okpomọkụ, ebe akọrọ. Ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị, ọbụlagodi na agbanyụrụ ngwa eletriki, usoro ahụ ka ga-eme ka batrị ahụ nwee mmepụta dị ala ugbu a, nke ga-ebelata ndụ ọrụ nke oké ifufe ahụ.

According to the IEC standard, it should store the battery at a temperature of 20℃±5℃ and humidity of (65±20)%. Generally speaking, the higher the storage temperature of the storm, the lower the remaining rate of capacity, and vice versa, the best place to store the battery when the refrigerator temperature is 0℃-10℃, especially for primary batteries. Even if the secondary battery loses its capacity after storage, it can be recovered as long as it is recharged and discharged several times. In theory, there is always energy loss when the battery is stored. The inherent electrochemical structure of the battery determines that the battery capacity is inevitably lost, mainly due to self-discharge. Usually, the self-discharge size is related to the solubility of the positive electrode material in the electrolyte and its instability (accessible to self-decompose) after being heated. The self-discharge of rechargeable batteries is much higher than that of primary batteries. If you want to store the battery for a long time, it is best to put it in a dry and low-temperature environment and keep the remaining battery power at about 40%. Of course, it is best to take out the battery once a month to ensure the excellent storage condition of the storm, but not to completely drain the battery and damage the battery.

A battery that is internationally prescribed as a standard for measuring potential (potential). It was invented by American electrical engineer E. Weston in 1892, so it is also called Weston battery. The positive electrode of the standard battery is the mercury sulfate electrode, the negative electrode is cadmium amalgam metal (containing 10% or 12.5% ​​cadmium), and the electrolyte is acidic, saturated cadmium sulfate aqueous solution, which is saturated cadmium sulfate and mercurous sulfate aqueous solution.

01) External short circuit or overcharge or reverse charge of the battery (forced over-discharge); 02) The battery is continuously overcharged by high-rate and high-current, which causes the battery core to expand, and the positive and negative electrodes are directly contacted and short-circuited; 03) The battery is short-circuited or slightly short-circuited. For example, improper placement of the positive and negative poles causes the pole piece to contact the short circuit, positive electrode contact, etc.

01) Whether a single battery has zero voltage; 02) The plug is short-circuited or disconnected, and the connection to the plug is not good; 03) Desoldering and virtual welding of lead wire and battery; 04) The internal connection of the battery is incorrect, and the connection sheet and the battery are leaked, soldered, and unsoldered, etc.; 05) The electronic components inside the battery are incorrectly connected and damaged.

To prevent the battery from being overcharged, it is necessary to control the charging endpoint. When the battery is complete, there will be some unique information that it can use to judge whether the charging has reached the endpoint. Generally, there are the following six methods to prevent the battery from being overcharged: 01) Peak voltage control: Determine the end of charging by detecting the peak voltage of the battery; 02) dT/DT control: Determine the end of charging by detecting the peak temperature change rate of the battery; 03) △T control: When the battery is fully charged, the difference between the temperature and the ambient temperature will reach the maximum; 04) -△V control: When the battery is fully charged and reaches a peak voltage, the voltage will drop by a particular value; 05) Timing control: control the endpoint of charging by setting a specific charging time, generally set the time required to charge 130% of the nominal capacity to handle;

01) Zero-voltage battery or zero-voltage battery in the battery pack; 02) The battery pack is disconnected, the internal electronic components and the protection circuit is abnormal; 03) The charging equipment is faulty, and there is no output current; 04) External factors cause the charging efficiency to be too low (such as extremely low or extremely high temperature).