Nlebanya nchekwa ike azụmahịa

Ike mmeghari ohuru bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke atụmatụ ogologo oge maka nnọpụiche carbon. N'agbanyeghị njikọ nuklia nke a na-achịkwa, ngwuputa oghere, na nnukwu mmepe tozuru okè nke akụrụngwa ike mmiri nke na-enweghị ụzọ azụmahịa n'oge dị mkpirikpi, ike ikuku, na ike anyanwụ bụ ugbu a bụ isi mmalite ume ọhụrụ na-ekwe nkwa. N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, ikuku na ọkụ na-egbochi ha. Nchekwa ike ga-abụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke itinye ume n'ọdịnihu. Edemede a na isiokwu ndị na-esote ga-agụnye teknụzụ nchekwa ike azụmahịa buru ibu, na-elekwasị anya na ikpe mmejuputa.

N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ngwa ngwa na-ewu usoro nchekwa nchekwa ike emeela ka ụfọdụ data gara aga ghara inye aka, dị ka "nchekwa ike ikuku abịakọrọ na nke abụọ nwere ikike arụnyere nke 440MW, na batrị sodium-sulfur bụ nke atọ, na-enwe ike zuru oke. nke 440 MW. 316MW" wdg Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, akụkọ na Huawei ejirila 1300MWh bịanye aka na "nnukwu" nchekwa nchekwa ike n'ụwa dị oke egwu. Agbanyeghị, dị ka data dị ugbu a, 1300MWh abụghị ọrụ nchekwa nchekwa ike kachasị mkpa n'ụwa niile. Ọrụ nchekwa nchekwa ike kachasị nke etiti bụ nke nchekwa mgbapụta. Maka teknụzụ nchekwa ike anụ ahụ dị ka nchekwa ike nnu, n'ihe banyere nchekwa ike elektrọnịkị, 1300MWh abụghị ọrụ kachasị mkpa (ọ nwekwara ike bụrụ ihe gbasara caliber statistical). Ike ugbu a nke Moss Landing Energy Storage Center eruola 1600MWh (gụnyere 1200MWh na nkeji nke abụọ, 400MWh na nke abụọ). N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, ntinye Huawei akọwapụtala ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa ike na ogbo.

Ka ọ dị ugbu a, teknụzụ nchekwa ike nke a na-ere ahịa na nke nwere ike ekewa n'ime nchekwa ike igwe, nchekwa ike ọkụ, nchekwa ike eletriki, nchekwa ike kemịkalụ, yana nchekwa ike elektrọn. Fiziks na kemistri bụ otu ihe, yabụ ka anyị chịkọta ha dịka echiche nke ndị bu anyị ụzọ maka oge a.

1. Ebe nchekwa ike igwe / nchekwa ọkụ na nchekwa oyi

Nchekwa wụsara:

Enwere ọdọ mmiri abụọ dị elu na nke dị ala, na-ebufe mmiri na ọdọ mmiri dị n'elu n'oge nchekwa ike na ịkwanye mmiri na mmiri nke ala n'oge ike ike. Teknụzụ a tozuru oke. Ka ọ na-erule njedebe nke 2020, ikike arụnyere zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ikike nchekwa mgbapụta bụ 159 nde kilowatts, na-aza 94% nke mkpokọta ikike nchekwa ike. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, obodo m etinyela ngụkọta nke 32.49 nde kilowatts nke ebe nchekwa nchekwa mgbapụta; Ọnụ ọgụgụ zuru ezu nke ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ndị a na-agbapụta ọkụ na-arụ ọrụ bụ 55.13 nde kilowatts. Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ma wuru na nke a na-ewu na-ebute ụzọ n'ụwa. Ike arụnyere ebe nchekwa ọkụ nwere ike iru puku kwuru puku MW, ike ọkụ kwa afọ nwere ike iru ọtụtụ ijeri kWh, ọsọ mmalite ojii nwere ike ịdị n'usoro nke nkeji ole na ole. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri kachasị ukwuu na-arụ ọrụ na China, Hebei Fengning Pumped Storage Power Station, nwere ikike arụnyere nke 3.6 nde kilowatts na ikike nrụpụta ike kwa afọ nke ijeri 6.6 kWh (nke nwere ike ịmịnye 8.8 ijeri kWh nke oke ike, na arụmọrụ nke ihe dịka 75%). Oge mmalite ojii 3-5 nkeji. Ọ bụ ezie na a na-echekarị ebe nchekwa mgbapụta nwere ọghọm dị na nhọrọ saịtị nwere oke, ogologo oge itinye ego na itinye ego dị ukwuu, ọ ka bụ teknụzụ kachasị tozuru oke, ọrụ kacha dịrị nchebe, yana nchekwa nchekwa ike dị ọnụ ala. Ndị nchịkwa ike nke mba ewepụtala Atụmatụ mmepe Ọkara na Ogologo Oge maka Nchekwa Pumped (2021-2035).

Ka ọ na-erule 2025, mkpokọta mmepụta ihe nke nchekwa mgbapụta ga-abụ ihe karịrị 62 nde kilowatts; Site na 2030, ọnụ ọgụgụ mmepụta zuru oke ga-abụ ihe dịka 120 nde kilowatts; site na 2035, a ga-emepụta ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa mgbapụta ọgbara ọhụrụ nke na-egbo mkpa nke oke oke na nnukwu mmepe nke ume ọhụrụ.

Ebe nchekwa ọkụ Hebei Fengning na-agbapụta agbapụ - Ebe nchekwa nchekwa ala

Nchekwa ike ikuku akpakọbara:

Mgbe ibu ọkụ eletrik dị ala, a na-agbanye ikuku ma chekwaa ya site na ọkụ eletrik (na-emekarị n'ọgba nnu n'okpuru ala, ọgba ndị okike, wdg). Mgbe oriri ọkụ eletrik na-arị elu, a na-ahapụ ikuku dị elu iji mee ka generator na-emepụta ọkụ eletrik.

nchekwa ike ikuku abịakọrọ

A na-ewere ebe nchekwa ike ikuku agbakwunyere dị ka teknụzụ nke abụọ dabara adaba maka nchekwa nchekwa ike GW buru ibu mgbe a gbasasịrị. N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, ọ na-ejedebe site na ọnọdụ nhọrọ saịtị ya siri ike karị, ọnụ ahịa ntinye ego dị elu, yana ike nchekwa nchekwa ike karịa ebe nchekwa. Dị ala, ọganihu azụmahịa nke nchekwa ike ikuku abịakọrọ dị nwayọọ. Ruo Septemba nke afọ a (2021), ọrụ nchekwa nchekwa ike ikuku mbụ nke obodo m nwere - Jiangsu Jintan Salt Cave Compressed Air Energy Storage National Test Demonstration Project, ka ejikọrọ na grid. Ike arụnyere nke akụkụ mbụ nke oru ngo a bụ 60MW, na ngbanwe ngbanwe nke ike bụ ihe dịka 60%; ogologo oge owuwu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke oru ngo ga-eru 1000MW. N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2021, sistemu nchekwa ike ikuku 10 MW izizi nke obodo m mepụtara n'onwe ya jikọtara ya na grid na Bijie, Guizhou. Ọ nwere ike ịsị na okporo ụzọ azụmahịa nke kọmpat ikuku nchekwa nchekwa ka malitere, ma ọdịnihu na-ekwe nkwa.

Ọrụ nchekwa nchekwa ike ikuku nke Jintan.

Nchekwa ume nnu a wụrụ awụ:

Nchekwa ume nnu a wụrụ awụ, na-ejikọta ya na ike ọkụ anyanwụ, na-etinye uche n'ìhè anyanwụ ma na-echekwa okpomọkụ n'ime nnu gbazere. Mgbe a na-emepụta ọkụ eletrik, a na-eji okpomọkụ nnu gbazere eme ka ọkụ eletrik, ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-emepụtakwa uzuoku iji kwọọ generator.

nchekwa ọkụ nnu a wụrụ awụ

Ha tiri mkpu Hi-Tech Dunhuang 100MW nnu a wụrụ awụ ụlọ ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ anyanwụ na ọdụ ụgbọ ọkụ ọkụ kachasị ukwuu nke China. Ihe oru ngo Delingha 135 MW CSP nke nwere ikike ka ukwuu etinyere ya amalitela ịrụ ya. Oge nchekwa ike ya nwere ike iru awa iri na otu. Ngụkọta ego nke ọrụ a bụ ijeri yuan 11. A na-eme atụmatụ ijikọ ya n'ihu ọha na grid tupu Septemba 3.126, 30, yana ọ nwere ike ịmepụta ihe dị ka nde kWh 2022 kwa afọ.

Dunhuang CSP ọdụ

Teknụzụ nchekwa nchekwa ike anụ ahụ gụnyere nchekwa ike nke flywheel, nchekwa nchekwa ike oyi, wdg.

2. Nchekwa ọkụ eletrik:

Supercapacitor: Oke site na njupụta ike ya dị ala (na-ezo aka n'okpuru) yana nkwụpụta onwe ya siri ike, a na-eji ya ugbu a na obere mgbake ike ụgbọ ala, ịkpụcha elu ozugbo, na njuputa ndagwurugwu. Ngwa a na-ahụkarị bụ Shanghai Yangshan Deepwater Port, ebe cranes 23 na-emetụta grid ike. Iji belata mmetụta nke cranes na grid ọkụ, a na-etinye 3MW / 17.2KWh supercapacitor nchekwa nchekwa ike dị ka ebe ndabere, nke nwere ike na-enye ọkụ eletrik 20s mgbe niile.

Nchekwa ike nke na-ebu ibu: ewepụrụ

3. Nchekwa ike eletrik:

Edemede a na-ekewa nchekwa ike elektrọkem maka azụmahịa n'ime ụdị ndị a:

Lead-acid, batrị ndu-carbon

eruba batrị

Batrị metal-ion, gụnyere batrị lithium-ion, batrị sodium-ion, wdg.

Metal-Sulfur/Oxygen/Ikuku batrị

ọzọ

Lead-acid na lead-carbon batrị: Dị ka a tozuru okè ike nchekwa technology, lead-acid batrị na-ọtụtụ ebe na-eji ụgbọ ala startups, ndabere ike ọkọnọ maka nkwurịta okwu isi ọdụ ike osisi, wdg Mgbe Pb ọjọọ electrode nke lead-acid batrị. ejiri ihe carbon emejuru ya, batrị ndu-carbon nwere ike imezi nsogbu nfefe oke nke oma. Dabere na akụkọ kwa afọ nke Tianneng nke 2020, State Grid Zhicheng (Jinling Substation) 12MW / 48MWh ndu-carbon nchekwa nchekwa ike nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ mezuru bụ ọdụ nchekwa nchekwa ike carbon mbụ buru ibu na mpaghara Zhejiang na ọbụna mba ahụ dum.

Batrị na-erugharị: Batrị na-eru eru na-enwekarị mmiri mmiri echekwara n'ime akpa na-erute na electrodes. A na-emecha ụgwọ na nkwụsị site na akpụkpọ anụ mgbanwe ion; rụtụ aka na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị n'okpuru.

Nhazi batrị na-erugharị

Na ntụzịaka nke batrị na-agba ọsọ nke vanadium karịa, ọrụ Guodian Longyuan, 5MW / 10MWh, nke Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics na Dalian Rongke Energy Storage rụchara, bụ sistemụ nchekwa batrị niile nke vanadium na-eru eru na sistemụ nchekwa ike. ụwa n'oge ahụ, nke a na-ewu ugbu a Sistemụ nchekwa nchekwa batrị niile-vanadium redox erute 200MW/800MWh.

Batrị metal-ion: teknụzụ nchekwa ike eletrik na-eto ngwa ngwa na nke a na-ejikarị. N'ime ha, a na-ejikarị batrị lithium-ion eme ihe na ngwa eletrọnịkị ndị ahịa, batrị ike na mpaghara ndị ọzọ, ngwa ha na nchekwa ike na-abawanye. Gụnyere ọrụ Huawei gara aga a na-ewu nke na-eji nchekwa batrị lithium-ion, nnukwu ọrụ nchekwa ike batrị lithium-ion wuru ugbu a bụ ọdụ nchekwa nchekwa Moss Landing nke nwere Phase I 300MW/1200MWh na Phase II 100MW/400MWh, a ngụkọta nke 400MW/1600MWh.

Batrị Lithium-Ion

N'ihi mmachi nke ikike mmepụta na ọnụ ahịa lithium, iji njupụta ume dị ala dochie sodium ions, mana a na-atụ anya na ọ ga-ebelata ọnụahịa ahụ aghọwo ụzọ mmepe maka batrị lithium-ion. Ụkpụrụ ya na ihe ndị bụ isi ya yiri batrị lithium-ion, mana emebebeghị ya n'ọtụtụ buru ibu. , usoro nchekwa nchekwa batrị sodium-ion etinyere n'ọrụ na akụkọ ndị dị ugbu a ka ahụla naanị 1MWh.

Batrị aluminom-ion nwere njiri mara ikike echiche dị elu yana nchekwa dị ukwuu. Ọ bụkwa ntụzịaka nyocha iji dochie batrị lithium-ion, mana enweghị ụzọ azụmaahịa doro anya. Otu ụlọ ọrụ India nke na-ewu ewu n'oge na-adịbeghị anya kwupụtara na ọ ga-ere ahịa mmepụta nke batrị aluminom-ion n'afọ na-abịa ma wuo ebe nchekwa nchekwa ike 10MW. Ka anyị chere wee hụ.

chere ma hụ

Igwe ọkụ metal-sulfur / oxygen / ikuku ikuku: gụnyere lithium-sulfur, lithium-oxygen / ikuku, sodium-sulfur, batrị aluminom-ikuku ikuku, wdg, nwere ike dị elu karịa batrị ion. Onye nnọchi anya azụmaahịa ugbu a bụ batrị sodium-sulfur. NGK bụ onye na-ebute ụzọ na-eweta sistemu batrị sodium-sulfur ugbu a. Nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ etinyere n'ọrụ bụ sistemụ nchekwa batrị sodium-sulfur 108MW/648MWh na United Arab Emirates.

4. Nchekwa ike kemịkalụ: Ọtụtụ iri afọ gara aga, Schrödinger dere na ndụ dabere n'inweta entropy na-adịghị mma. Ma ọ bụrụ na ị naghị adabere na ike mpụga, entropy ga-abawanye, ya mere ndụ ga-enwerịrị ike. Ndụ na-achọta ụzọ ya, na iji chekwaa ike, osisi na-agbanwe ike anyanwụ ka ọ bụrụ ike kemịkalụ n'ime ihe ndị dị ndụ site na photosynthesis. Nchekwa ike kemịkalụ bụ nhọrọ ebumpụta ụwa site na mmalite. Nchekwa ike kemịkalụ abụrụla usoro nchekwa ike siri ike maka ụmụ mmadụ kemgbe O mere volt ka ọ bụrụ ngwugwu eletrik. N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, ojiji nke nnukwu nchekwa nchekwa ike ka amalitela iji azụmaahịa.

Nchekwa hydrogen, methanol, wdg: ike hydrogen nwere uru pụtara ìhè nke njupụta ume dị elu, ịdị ọcha na nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi na a na-ewere ya dị ka isi iyi ike dị mma n'ọdịnihu. Ụzọ nke mmepụta hydrogen → nchekwa hydrogen → mmanụ ụgbọala abanyelarị n'ụzọ. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, e wuola ihe karịrị ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri hydrogen 100 na mba m, n'ọkwa n'etiti ndị kacha elu n'ụwa, gụnyere ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri hydrogen kacha ibu n'ụwa na Beijing. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi njedebe nke nkà na ụzụ nchekwa hydrogen na ihe ize ndụ nke mgbawa hydrogen, nchekwa hydrogen na-apụtaghị ìhè nke methanol na-anọchi anya nwekwara ike ịbụ ụzọ dị mkpa maka ume n'ọdịnihu, dịka nkà na ụzụ "ìhè anyanwụ" nke ndị otu Li Can na Dalian Institute. nke Chemistry, Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Sayensị nke China.

Batrị mbụ nke igwe-ikuku: batrị aluminom-ikuku na-anọchi anya ya nwere njupụta ike dị elu, mana enwere obere ọganihu na azụmahịa. Phinergy, ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya a kpọtụrụ aha n'ọtụtụ akụkọ, jiri batrị aluminom-ikuku maka ụgbọ ala ya. Otu puku kilomita, ihe ngwọta na-eduga na nchekwa ike bụ batrị zinc-ikuku enwere ike ịchaji.