Mkpụrụ ndụ anyanwụ dị obere?

Mkpụrụ ndụ anyanwụ dị obere?

Mkpụrụ ndụ anyanwụ dị oke mkpa ka mma: ogige 2D perovskite nwere ihe kwesịrị ekwesị iji maa aka ngwaahịa buru ibu.

Ndị injinia na Mahadum Rice enwetala akara ọhụrụ n'ịmepụta mkpụrụ ndụ anyanwụ dị mkpa nke atomiki mere nke semiconductor perovskites, na-abawanye arụmọrụ ha ma na-ejigide ikike iguzogide gburugburu ebe obibi.

Ụlọ nyocha Aditya Mohite nke Mahadum Rice's George R Brown School of Engineering chọpụtara na ìhè anyanwụ na-ebelata ohere dị n'etiti oghere atomic na perovskite akụkụ abụọ, iji mee ka ọrụ fotovoltaic nke ihe ahụ dịkwuo elu dị ka 18%, nke na-enwe ọganihu ugboro ugboro. . E nwetala ọmarịcha mmali n'ọhịa wee tụọ ya na pasentị.

"N'ime afọ 10, arụmọrụ nke perovskite amụbawo site na ihe dịka 3% ruo ihe karịrị 25%," Mohite kwuru. "Ndị semiconductors ndị ọzọ ga-ewe ihe dị ka afọ 60 iji nweta. Ọ bụ ya mere anyị ji enwe obi ụtọ."

Perovskite bụ ngwakọta nke nwere cubic lattice na ọ bụ onye na-anakọta ọkụ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma. Amara ikike ha nwere kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ, mana ha nwere nsogbu: Ha nwere ike ịgbanwe ìhè anyanwụ ka ọ bụrụ ume, mana ìhè anyanwụ na mmiri nwere ike mebie ha.

"A na-atụ anya na teknụzụ cell anyanwụ ga-adịru afọ 20 ruo 25," Mohite, osote prọfesọ nke injinịa kemịkalụ na biomolecular na sayensị akụrụngwa na injinia nanoengineering kwuru. "Anyị na-arụ ọrụ ruo ọtụtụ afọ ma na-aga n'ihu na-eji nnukwu perovskites dị irè ma ọ bụghị nke siri ike. N'ụzọ dị iche, akụkụ abụọ nke perovskites nwere nkwụsi ike dị mma ma ha adịghị arụ ọrụ nke ọma iji tinye ya n'elu ụlọ.

"Nsogbu kasịnụ bụ ime ka ha rụọ ọrụ nke ọma n'emebighị nkwụsi ike."
Ndị injinia Rice na ndị ọrụ ha sitere na Mahadum Purdue na Mahadum Northwwest, Los Alamos, Argonne na Brookhaven nke US Department of Energy National Laboratory, na Institute of Electronics and Digital Technology (INSA) na Rennes, France, na ndị ha na ha na-emekọ ihe chọpụtara na In. ụfọdụ perovskites akụkụ abụọ, ìhè anyanwụ na-ebelata ohere dị n'etiti atọm nke ọma, na-abawanye ike ha ibu ọkụ eletrik.

"Anyị chọpụtara na mgbe ị na-agbanye ihe ahụ, ị ​​na-amanye ya dị ka sponge ma kpokọta ọnụ ọnụ iji kwalite nnyefe ụgwọ na ntụziaka ahụ," Mocht kwuru. Ndị nchọpụta ahụ chọpụtara na itinye akwa nke cations organic n'etiti iodide n'elu na ndu na ala nwere ike ime ka mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ọkwa.

"Ọrụ a dị oke mkpa maka ọmụmụ nke steeti obi ụtọ na quasiparticles, ebe otu oyi akwa nke ụgwọ dị mma dị na nke ọzọ, na ebubo na-adịghị mma dị na nke ọzọ, ha nwere ike ịgwa ibe ha okwu," Mocht kwuru. "A na-akpọ ihe ndị a exciton, na ha nwere ike ịnwe ihe pụrụ iche.

"Mmetụta a na-enye anyị ohere ịghọta na mezie mmekọrịta ndị a bụ isi nke ọkụ na-enweghị ịmepụta heterostructures dị mgbagwoju anya dịka 2D mgbanwe metal dichalcogenides," ka o kwuru.

Ndị ọrụ ibe na France kwadoro nnwale ahụ site na iji ụdị kọmputa. Jacky Even, Prọfesọ nke Physics na INSA, kwuru, sị: "Nchọpụta a na-enye ohere pụrụ iche iji jikọta teknụzụ ịme anwansị ab initio kachasị elu, nchọpụta ihe onwunwe site na iji nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ synchrotron nke mba, na njirimara n'ime ọnọdụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ anyanwụ na-arụ ọrụ. " "Akụkọ a na-akọwa na nke mbụ ka ihe omume seepage na-ewepụta na mberede na-ebufe ugbu a na ihe perovskite."

Nsonaazụ abụọ a na-egosi na mgbe nkeji 10 nke ikpughe na simulator anyanwụ na ike anyanwụ, akụkụ abụọ nke perovskite na-agbada site na 0.4% n'ogologo ya na ihe dịka 1% site n'elu ruo ala. Ha gosipụtara na enwere ike ịhụ mmetụta ahụ n'ime nkeji 1 n'okpuru ike anyanwụ ise.

Li Wenbin, nwa akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Rice na onye ndu ode akwụkwọ kwuru, "Ọ naghị ada ụda nke ukwuu, mana mbelata nke 1% nke oghere lattice ga-eme ka mmụba dị ukwuu na ntinye elektrọn. "Nnyocha anyị na-egosi na njikwa eletrọnịkị nke ihe ahụ amụbawo okpukpu atọ."

N'otu oge ahụ, ọdịdị nke kristal kristal na-eme ka ihe ahụ na-eguzogide mmebi, ọbụna mgbe a na-ekpo ọkụ na 80 degrees Celsius (176 degrees Fahrenheit). Ndị nchọpụta ahụ chọpụtakwara na lattice na-adaghachi ngwa ngwa na nhazi ọkọlọtọ ya ozugbo agbanyụrụ ọkụ.

"Otu n'ime isi ihe nkiri nke 2D perovskites bụ na ha na-enwekarị atom organic nke na-eme dị ka ihe mgbochi iru mmiri, na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ, na-edozi nsogbu ion migration," ka Siraj Sidhik na-agụsị akwụkwọ na-agụsị akwụkwọ kwuru. "3D perovskites na-adịkarị mfe ikpo ọkụ na ọkụ ọkụ, ya mere ndị nchọpụta malitere itinye 2D n'ígwé n'elu nnukwu perovskites iji hụ ma ha nwere ike ime ihe abụọ ahụ.

"Anyị chere, ka anyị gbanwee gaa na 2D ma mee ka ọ dị irè," ka o kwuru.

Iji hụ mbelata nke ihe ahụ, ndị otu ahụ jiri ụlọ ọrụ abụọ nke US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science: National Synchrotron Light Source II nke Brookhaven National Laboratory nke US Department of Energy na Advanced State Laboratory. Ụlọ nyocha nke Argonne National Laboratory nke US. Ụlọ nyocha Photon (APS).

Argonne physicist Joe Strzalka, onye na-ede akwụkwọ na-ede akwụkwọ, na-eji X-ray nke APS na-egbuke egbuke iji weghara obere mgbanwe nhazi na ihe dị adị. Ngwá ọrụ nwere mmetụta dị na 8-ID-E nke APS beamline na-enye ohere maka ọmụmụ ihe "arụ ọrụ", nke pụtara ọmụmụ a na-eme mgbe akụrụngwa na-enwe mgbanwe nchịkwa na okpomọkụ ma ọ bụ gburugburu ebe obibi n'okpuru ọnọdụ ọrụ nkịtị. N'okwu a, Strzalka na ndị ọrụ ibe ya kpugheere ihe ndị na-ahụ anya na mbara igwe na-enwupụta ìhè anyanwụ ka ha na-echekwa okpomọkụ na-adịgide adịgide ma hụ obere nkwekọrịta na ọkwa atọm.

Dị ka nnwale njikwa, Strzalka na ndị ya na ya na-ede akwụkwọ mere ka ọnụ ụlọ ahụ gbaa ọchịchịrị, mụbaa okpomọkụ, ma hụ mmetụta dị iche - mgbasawanye ihe. Nke a na-egosi na ìhè n'onwe ya, ọ bụghị okpomọkụ ọ na-emepụta, kpatara mgbanwe ahụ.

"Maka mgbanwe ndị dị otú ahụ, ọ dị mkpa ime nchọpụta ọrụ," Strzalka kwuru. "Dịka onye na-arụ ọrụ gị chọrọ ịgba ọsọ engine gị iji hụ ihe na-eme na ya, anyị chọrọ n'ezie ịse vidiyo nke ntụgharị a, ọ bụghị otu foto. Ụlọ ọrụ dịka APS na-enye anyị ohere ime nke a."

Strzalka rụtụrụ aka na APS na-enweta nkwalite dị egwu iji welie nchapụta nke ụzarị X ya ihe ruru ugboro 500. O kwuru na mgbe emechara ya, ọkụ na-egbuke egbuke na ngwa ngwa na-achọpụta ihe ga-eme ka ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị nwee ike ịchọpụta mgbanwe ndị a na-enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu.

Nke a nwere ike inyere ndị otu Rice aka ịhazigharị ihe maka ịrụ ọrụ ka mma. "Anyị na-emepụta cations na interfaces iji nweta arụmọrụ karịa 20%," Sidhik kwuru. "Nke a ga-agbanwe ihe niile dị na ubi perovskite n'ihi na mgbe ahụ ndị mmadụ ga-amalite iji 2D perovskite maka 2D perovskite / silicon na 2D / 3D perovskite series, nke nwere ike ime ka arụmọrụ dị nso na 30% nke a ga-eme ka azụmahịa ya mara mma."