Oge oyi na-abịa, leba anya na nyocha nyocha dị ala nke batrị lithium-ion.

Ọrụ nke batrị lithium-ion na-emetụta nke ukwuu site na njirimara kinetic ha. N'ihi na Li + kwesịrị ibu ụzọ mebie ya mgbe etinyere ya na ihe eserese, ọ kwesịrị iri obere ume ma gbochie mgbasa nke Li + na graphite. N'ụzọ megidere nke ahụ, mgbe a na-ahapụ Li + site na ihe graphite n'ime ihe ngwọta, usoro nhazi ahụ ga-ebu ụzọ mee, na usoro nhazi adịghị achọ oriri ike. Li + nwere ike wepu graphite ngwa ngwa, nke na-eduga n'ịnabata ihe graphite dị njọ karịa. Na nnabata nnabata.

Na obere okpomọkụ, njirimara kinetic nke electrode graphite na-adịghị mma emeela ka ọ dịkwuo njọ. Ya mere, electrochemical polarization nke electrode na-adịghị mma na-esiwanye ike n'oge usoro ịchaji, nke nwere ike iduga n'ụzọ dị mfe na mmiri ozuzo nke lithium dara n'elu electrode na-adịghị mma. Nnyocha nke Christian von Lüders nke Mahadum Nkà na ụzụ nke Munich, Germany, egosila na na -2 Celsius, ọnụego ụgwọ karịrị C/2, na oke mmiri lithium metal na-abawanye nke ukwuu. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na ọnụego C / 2, ọnụọgụ lithium plating na elu electrode na-emegide bụ maka ụgwọ niile. 5.5% nke ikike mana ọ ga-eru 9% n'okpuru mmụba 1C. Lithium dara ada nwere ike ịmalite n'ihu wee mechaa ghọọ lithium dendrites, na-apu site na diaphragm na-eme ka mkpirisi nke electrodes dị mma na adịghị mma. Ya mere, ọ dị mkpa iji zere ịchaji batrị lithium-ion na obere okpomọkụ dị ka o kwere mee. Mgbe ọ ga-anarịrị batrị na obere okpomọkụ, ọ dị mkpa ịhọrọ obere ugbu a iji chajịa batrị lithium-ion dị ka o kwere mee ma chekwaa batrị lithium-ion nke ọma mgbe chachara chajị iji hụ na lithium dara na-esite na electrode na-adịghị mma. nwere ike meghachi omume na graphite ma tinyeghachi ya na electrode graphite na-adịghị mma.

Veronika Zinth na ndị ọzọ nke Technical University of Munich ji neutron diffraction na ụzọ ndị ọzọ na-amụ lithium evolushọn omume nke lithium-ion batrị na obere okpomọkụ nke -20°C. Mgbasa Neutron bụ ụzọ nchọpụta ọhụrụ n'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya. E jiri ya tụnyere XRD, neutron diffraction na-enwe mmetụta karịa ihe ọkụ (Li, O, N, wdg), yabụ na ọ dabara nke ọma maka nnwale na-adịghị emebi emebi nke batrị lithium-ion.

N'ime nnwale ahụ, VeronikaZinth ji batrị NMC111/graphite 18650 wee mụọ omume evolushọn lithium nke batrị lithium-ion na obere okpomọkụ. A na-akwụ ụgwọ ma wepụ batrị ahụ n'oge ule dị ka usoro egosiri na foto dị n'okpuru.

Ọnụọgụ na-esonụ na-egosi mgbanwe mgbanwe nke electrode na-adịghị mma n'okpuru SoC dị iche iche n'oge usoro nchaji nke abụọ na ọnụego C/30. Ọ nwere ike iyi na na 30.9% SoC, usoro nke electrode na-adịghị mma bụ tumadi LiC12, Li1-XC18, na obere ego nke LiC6 mejupụtara; mgbe SoC gafere 46%, ike diffraction nke LiC12 na-aga n'ihu na-ebelata, ebe ike nke LiC6 na-aga n'ihu na-abawanye. Otú ọ dị, ọbụlagodi mgbe akwụchara ụgwọ ikpeazụ, ebe ọ bụ naanị 1503mAh ka a na-akwụ ụgwọ na obere okpomọkụ (ikike bụ 1950mAh na ụlọ okpomọkụ), LiC12 dị na electrode na-adịghị mma. Ka e were ya na ebelata chaja ugbu a ka ọ bụrụ C/100. N'okwu ahụ, batrị ka nwere ike nweta ikike nke 1950mAh na obere okpomọkụ, nke na-egosi na mbelata ike nke batrị lithium-ion na obere okpomọkụ bụ n'ihi mmebi nke ọnọdụ kinetic.

Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị n'okpuru na-egosi mgbanwe mgbanwe nke graphite na electrode na-adịghị mma n'oge a na-akwụ ụgwọ dịka ọnụego C/5 na obere okpomọkụ nke -20 ° C. Ọ nwere ike ịhụ na mgbanwe mgbanwe nke graphite dị nnọọ iche ma e jiri ya tụnyere nchaji ọnụego C/30. Enwere ike ịhụ site na ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ na mgbe SoC> 40%, ike nke batrị LiC12 n'okpuru ọnụego ụgwọ C / 5 na-ebelata nke ukwuu, na mmụba nke ike nke LiC6 dịkwa ike karịa nke C/30. Ọnụ ego. Ọ na-egosi na n'ọkwa dị elu nke C/5, obere LiC12 na-aga n'ihu na-agbanye lithium ma gbanwee na LiC6.

Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị n'okpuru na-atụnyere mgbanwe mgbanwe nke electrode graphite na-adịghị mma mgbe ị na-akwụ ụgwọ na ọnụego C/30 na C/5, n'otu n'otu. Ọnụọgụ a na-egosi na maka ọnụego nchaji abụọ dị iche iche, usoro lithium-ogbenye Li1-XC18 yiri nke ahụ. Ọdịiche na-apụtakarị n'akụkụ abụọ nke LiC12 na LiC6. Enwere ike ịhụ site na ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ na mgbanwe mgbanwe nke usoro na electrode na-adịghị mma dị nso na mbido mbụ nke chaja n'okpuru ọnụego ụgwọ abụọ. Maka usoro LiC12, mgbe ikike nchaji ruru 950mAh (49% SoC), mgbanwe mgbanwe na-amalite ịpụta dị iche. Mgbe ọ bịara 1100mAh (56.4% SoC), usoro LiC12 n'okpuru magnifications abụọ ahụ na-amalite igosipụta nnukwu oghere. Mgbe ị na-akwụ ụgwọ na obere C / 30, ọdịda nke LiC12 na-adị ngwa ngwa, mana nkwụsị nke LiC12 na ọnụego C / 5 na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ; ya bụ, ọnọdụ kinetic nke ntinye lithium na electrode na-adịghị mma na-akawanye njọ na obere okpomọkụ. , Ya mere LiC12 gara n'ihu na-atụgharị lithium ka ọ mepụta ọsọ ọsọ nke LiC6 belatara. N'otu aka ahụ, usoro LiC6 na-abawanye ngwa ngwa na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ala nke C/30 mana ọ na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na ọnụego C/5. Nke a na-egosi na na C / 5 ọnụego, ọzọ petite Li na-agbakwunyere na crystal Ọdịdị nke graphite, ma ihe na-akpali bụ na batrị ike chaja (1520.5mAh) na C / 5 ọnụego ụgwọ dị elu karịa na C. / 30 ọnụego ụgwọ. Ike (1503.5mAh) dị elu. Mgbakwunye Li nke na-adịghị agbakwunyere na electrode graphite na-adịghị mma nwere ike ịmalite n'elu graphite n'ụdị lithium dara. Usoro guzoro mgbe njedebe nke nchaji na-egosikwa nke a site n'akụkụ - ntakịrị.

Ọnụ ọgụgụ na-esonụ na-egosi usoro nhazi nke electrode graphite na-adịghị mma mgbe ịchachara na mgbe ahapụchara ya maka awa 20. Na njedebe nke ịchaji, usoro nke electrode graphite na-adịghị mma dị nnọọ iche n'okpuru ọnụego nchaji abụọ. Na C / 5, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke LiC12 na graphite anode dị elu, na pasent nke LiC6 dị ala, ma mgbe ọ kwụsịrị maka awa 20, ọdịiche dị n'etiti abụọ ahụ aghọwo ntakịrị.

Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị n'okpuru na-egosi mgbanwe mgbanwe nke electrode graphite na-adịghị mma n'oge usoro nchekwa 20h. Ọ nwere ike ịhụ site na ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ na ọ bụ ezie na akụkụ nke abụọ electrodes na-emegide ka dị nnọọ iche na mmalite, dị ka oge nchekwa na-abawanye, ụdị abụọ nke chaja The ogbo nke graphite anode n'okpuru ịdị elu agbanweela nnọọ nso. LiC12 nwere ike ịga n'ihu na-atụgharị na LiC6 n'oge usoro nchekwa, na-egosi na Li ga-anọgide na-etinye ya na graphite n'oge usoro nchekwa. Akụkụ Li a nwere ike ịbụ lithium dara na-ebuli elu nke electrode graphite na-adịghị mma na obere okpomọkụ. Nnyocha ọzọ gosipụtara na na njedebe nke ịchaji na ọnụego C / 30, ogo nke lithium intercalation nke electrode graphite na-adịghị mma bụ 68%. N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, ogo nke lithium intercalation mụbara ruo 71% mgbe nchekwachara, mmụba nke 3%. Na njedebe nke ịchaji na ọnụego C / 5, ntinye ntinye lithium nke electrode graphite na-adịghị mma bụ 58%, ma mgbe ahapụchara maka awa 20, ọ mụbara ruo 70%, mmụba nke 12%.

Nchọpụta a dị n'elu na-egosi na mgbe ị na-akwụ ụgwọ na obere okpomọkụ, ike batrị ga-ebelata n'ihi mmebi nke ọnọdụ kinetic. Ọ ga-ebulikwa metal lithium n'elu electrode na-adịghị mma n'ihi mbelata nke ntinye lithium graphite. Otú ọ dị, mgbe a oge nke nchekwa, Nke a akụkụ nke dara lithium nwere ike agbakwunyere na graphite ọzọ; N'iji ya eme ihe n'ezie, oge shelf na-adịkarị mkpụmkpụ, ọ nweghịkwa nkwa na enwere ike itinye lithium dara n'ime graphite ọzọ, ya mere ọ nwere ike ime ka ụfọdụ lithium dara na-anọgide na-adị na electrode ọjọọ. Igwe batrị lithium-ion ga-emetụta ikike batrị lithium-ion ma nwee ike ịmepụta dendrites lithium nke na-etinye nchekwa nke batrị lithium-ion n'ihe ize ndụ. Ya mere, gbalịa ka ị ghara ịchaji batrị lithium-ion na obere okpomọkụ. Dị ala ugbu a, na mgbe ịtọchara, hụ na oge nchekwa zuru ezu iji kpochapụ lithium metal na electrode graphite na-adịghị mma.

Akụkọ a na-ezokarị aka na akwụkwọ ndị a. A na-eji akụkọ a naanị iji webata na nyochaa ọrụ sayensị metụtara, nkuzi klas, na nyocha sayensị. Ọ bụghị maka iji azụmahịa. Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere okwu nwebisiinka ọ bụla, biko nweere onwe gị ịkpọtụrụ anyị.

1.Rate ike nke graphite ihe dị ka ọjọọ electrodes na lithium-ion capacitors,Electrochimica Acta 55 (2010) 3330 - 3335 , SRSivakkumar, JY Nerkar, AG Pandolfo

2.Lithium plating na lithium-ion batrị nyochara site na ntụrụndụ voltaji na na situ neutron diffraction,Journal of Power Sources 342(2017)17-23, Christian von Lüders, Veronika Zinth, Simon V.Erhard, Patrick J.Osswald, Michael Hofman , Ralph Gilles, Andreas Jossen

3.Lithium plating na lithium-ion batrị na sub-ambient okpomọkụ nyochara site na situ neutron diffraction, Journal of Power Sources 271 (2014) 152-159, Veronika Zinth, Christian von Lüders, Michael Hofmann, Johannes Hattendorff, Simon Hattendorff, Irmgard Bucher. Erhard, Joana Rebelo-Kornmeier, Andreas Jossen, Ralph Gilles