Ikpughe ihe omimi ahụ: Ikike usoro ihe omimi na batrị lithium-ion

Kedu ihe kpatara batrị lithium ji dị nnukwu ihe ngosi ike

Na batrị lithium-ion (LIBs), ọtụtụ electrodes metal oxide na-agbanwe agbanwe na-egosipụta ikike nchekwa dị elu na-enweghị atụ karịa uru atụmatụ ha. Ọ bụ ezie na a kọwapụtala ihe a n'ọtụtụ ebe, usoro physicochemical dị n'ime ihe ndị a ka na-adị mfe ma nọgide na-arụrịta ụka.

Profaịlụ nsonaazụ

N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, Prọfesọ Miao Guoxing nke Mahadum Waterloo, Canada, Prọfesọ Yu Guihua nke Mahadum Texas dị na Austin, na Li Hongsen na Li Qiang nke Mahadum Qingdao jikọtara ọnụ bipụtara akwụkwọ nyocha banyere ihe ndị dị n'okike n'okpuru aha "Ikike nchekwa ọzọ na Ntugharị metal oxide batrị lithium-ion batrị ekpughere site na situ magnetometry". N'ime ọrụ a, ndị na-ede akwụkwọ na-eji na ọnọdụ magnetik nlekota iji gosi na ọnụnọ nke ike elu capacitance na metal nanoparticles na a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke spin-polarized electrons nwere ike ịchekwa na ugbua belatara metal nanoparticles, nke kwekọrọ na mbara igwe usoro. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, enwere ike ịgbatị usoro ụgwọ oghere oghere nke ekpughere na ogige ndị ọzọ na-agbanwe agbanwe, na-enye nduzi bụ isi maka ịmepụta usoro nchekwa nchekwa ike dị elu.

Isi ihe nyocha

(1) A-ahụkarị Fe a mụrụ site na iji in-situ magnetik nlekota usoro3O4/Evolution nke eletrọnịkị Ọdịdị n'ime Li batrị;

(2) na-ekpughe na Fe3O4In the / Li system, ikike ụgwọ elu bụ isi iyi nke ike mgbakwunye;

(3) The elu capacitance usoro nke metal nanoparticles nwere ike akp na a dịgasị iche iche nke mgbanwe metal ogige.

Ntuziaka ederede na ederede

1. Nhazi njirimara na electrochemical Njirimara

A na-emepụta Monodisperse hollow Fe site na usoro hydrothermal omenala3O4Nanospheres, wee rụọ ya na 100 mAg-1 Charge na mwepụ na njupụta ugbu a (Njirimara 1a), ikike mbupu nke mbụ bụ 1718 mAh g-1, 1370 mAh na nke abụọ na nke atọ, n'otu n'otu - 1 na 1,364 mAhg-1, karịrị 926 mAhg-1 Ozizi nke atụmanya. Onyonyo BF-STEM nke ngwaahịa ewepụtara n'ụzọ zuru ezu (Njirimara 1b-c) na-egosi na mgbe mbelata lithium gasịrị, Fe3O4The nanospheres gbanwere ka ọ bụrụ obere Fe nanoparticles na-atụ ihe dịka 1 - 3 nm, gbasasịrị na etiti Li2O.

Iji gosipụta mgbanwe nke magnetism n'oge okirikiri electrochemical, a na-enweta ihe ndọta mgbe ọ gbasasịrị na 0.01 V (Njirimara 1d), na-egosi omume superparamagnetic n'ihi nhazi nke nanoparticles.

Ọnụọgụ 1 (a) na 100 mAg-1Fe nke ịgba ígwè na njupụta dị ugbu a3O4/ chaja na-agbanwe agbanwe na nkwụsị nke batrị Li; (b) Lithium zuru oke Fe3O4Ihe oyiyi BF-STEM nke electrode; (c) ọnụnọ Li na mkpokọta2High-mkpebi BF-STEM oyiyi nke ma O na Fe; (d) Fe3O4Mkpụrụ hysteresis nke electrode tupu (ojii) na mgbe (acha anụnụ anụnụ), na Langevin dabara n'usoro nke ikpeazụ (acha odo odo).

2. Nchọpụta ezigbo oge nke structural na magnetik evolushọn

Iji jikọta electrochemistry na Fe3O4Of structural and magnetik mgbanwe jikọtara na Fe3O4Emere Electrodes na situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) na ọnọdụ magnetik nlekota. Fe na usoro nke XRD diffraction ụkpụrụ n'oge mbụ mwepu si na-emeghe-circuit voltaji (OCV) ka 1.2V3O4The diffraction ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu agbanwebeghị nke ukwuu na ma ike ma ọ bụ ọnọdụ (Ọnọdụ 2a), na-egosi na Fe3O4Nanị nwetara Li intercalation usoro. Mgbe ebubo na 3V, Fe3O4The anti-spinel Ọdịdị na-anọgide na-emebibeghị, na-atụ aro na usoro na a voltaji windo bụ nke ukwuu reversible. A na-eme nlebanya ihe ndọta ọzọ n'ime ọnọdụ yana ule ịgbasa ụgwọ ugbu a na-adị ugbu a iji nyochaa ka magnetization si agbasa ozugbo (Njirimara 2b).

Ọgụgụ 2 Njirimara nke ọnọdụ XRD na nleba anya magnetik.(A) na ọnọdụ XRD; (b) Fe3O4Electrochemical chaja-mgbanyụ usoro n'okpuru 3 T etinyere oghere magnetik na ngbanwe kwekọrọ na nzaghachi magnetik ọnọdụ.

Iji nweta nghọta dị mkpa karịa usoro ngbanwe a n'ihe gbasara mgbanwe ndọta, a na-anakọta nzaghachi magnetik ozugbo yana ngbanwe oge kwekọrọ na mmeghachi omume electrochemically chụpụrụ (Njirimara 3). O doro anya na n'oge mwepu mbụ, Fe3O4The magnetization nzaghachi nke electrodes dị iche na ndị ọzọ cycles n'ihi Fe n'oge mbụ lithalization3O4N'ihi irreversible agba mgbanwe pụtara. Mgbe ike ahụ gbadara na 0.78V, Fe3O4A gbanwere usoro antispinel ka ọ nwee Li2Klas FeO halite Ọdịdị nke O, Fe3O4A pụghị iweghachi usoro ahụ ma ọ gbachara. N'otu aka ahụ, magnetization na-agbada ngwa ngwa ruo 0.482 μ b Fe-1. Dị ka litialization na-aga n'ihu, ọ dịghị usoro ọhụrụ e guzobere, na ike nke (200) na (220) klas FeO diffraction elu malitere ịda mbà. Equal Fe3O4There is no significant XRD peak retained when the electrode is kpamkpam liialized (Figure 3a). Rịba ama na mgbe Fe3O4 electrode na-agbapụta site na 0.78V ruo 0.45V, magnetization (site na 0.482 μ b Fe-1Abawanye na 1.266 μ bFe-1), Nke a sitere na mmeghachi omume ntụgharị sitere na FeO gaa Fe. Mgbe ahụ, na njedebe nke nkwụsị ahụ, a na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ belata magnetization na 1.132 μ B Fe-1. Nchoputa a na-egosi na metal Fe0Nanoparticles belatara nke ọma ka nwere ike isonye na mmeghachi omume nchekwa lithium, si otú a na-ebelata magnetization nke electrodes.

Ọgụgụ 3 N'ọnọdụ ọnọdụ nke mgbanwe usoro na nzaghachi magnetik (a) Fe3O4In situ map XRD anakọtara n'oge mwepu mbụ nke electrode; (b) Fe3O4N'ọnọdụ ndọta ndọta nke cycles electrochemical nke sel Li na mpaghara ndọta etinyere nke 3 T.

3. Fe0/Li2Surface ikike nke sistemụ O

Fe3O4Mgbanwe magnetik nke electrodes na-eme na obere voltaji, bụ nke enwere ike ịmepụta ikike electrochemical ọzọ, na-atụ aro ọnụnọ nke ndị na-ebu ụgwọ na-achọpụtaghị n'ime cell. Iji chọpụta usoro nchekwa lithium nwere ike, Fe ka a mụrụ site na XPS, STEM na magnetik arụmọrụ spectrum3O4Electrodes of magnetization peaks na 0.01V,0.45V na 1.4V iji chọpụta isi iyi nke mgbanwe magnetik. Nsonaazụ na-egosi na oge ndọta bụ isi ihe na-emetụta mgbanwe ndọta, n'ihi na a tụrụ Fe0/Li2Ms of the O system anaghị emetụta magnetik anisotropy na njikọ interparticle.

Iji ghọtakwuo Fe3O4The kinetic Njirimara nke electrodes na obere voltaji, cyclic voltammetry na dị iche iche nyocha ọnụego. Dịka egosiri na eserese 4a, akụkụ akụkụ anọ nke cyclic voltammogram na-egosi n'etiti oke voltaji dị n'etiti 0.01V na 1V (Figure 4a). Ọgụgụ 4b na-egosi na nzaghachi capacitive Fe3O4A mere na electrode. Site na nzaghachi ndọta nke ukwuu nke na-agbanwe agbanwe nke usoro ụgwọ na mwepụ dị ugbu a mgbe niile (Njirimara 4c), magnetization nke electrode belatara site na 1V ruo 0.01V n'oge usoro mwepụ ahụ, wee mụbaa ọzọ n'oge usoro ịchaji, na-egosi na Fe0Of capacitor dị ka capacitor. n'elu mmeghachi omume bụ ukwuu reversible.

Ọgụgụ 4 Njirimara electrochemical na ọnọdụ magnetik njirimara na 0.011 V. (A) The cyclic voltammetric curve. (B) a na-ekpebi uru b site na iji njikọ dị n'etiti ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị elu na ọnụ ọgụgụ nyocha; (c) Mgbanwe mgbanwe nke magnetization n'ihe gbasara usoro ịgbasa ụgwọ n'okpuru ebe ndọta 5 T etinyere.

Fe3O4 nke a kpọtụrụ aha n'elu Akụkụ electrochemical, structural na magnetik nke electrodes na-egosi na ike batrị agbakwunyere bụ nke Fe0 kpebisiri ike na ikike elu nke nanoparticles na-akpata site na mgbanwe magnetik na-esote. The ogho-polarized capacitance bụ n'ihi nke ogho-polarized ụgwọ mkpokọta na interface na nwere ike na-egosipụta a magnetik nzaghachi n'oge ụgwọ na ikwapu.to Fe3O4The base electrode, n'oge mbụ ihapu usoro, e chụsasịrị na Li2Fine Fe nanoparticles na O mkpụrụ nwere. nnukwu elu-na-olu ruru ma ghọta oke njupụta nke steeti na ọkwa Fermi n'ihi nnukwu mpaghara d orbitals. Dị ka Maier's theoretical model of spatial charge storage, ndị odee na-atụ aro na a ga-echekwa ọtụtụ electrons n'ime eriri na-agbaji nke dara Fe nanoparticles, nke enwere ike ịhụ na Fe / Li2Creating spin-polarized surface capacitors na O nanocomposites ( Onyonyo 5).

eserese 5Fe/Li2A Schematic nnọchiteanya nke elu capacitance nke ogho-polarized electrons na O-interface. nnukwu ogho polarization nke ígwè; (b) nguzobe nke mpaghara ụgwọ oghere n'ụdị capacitor elu nke lithium juru eju.

Nchịkọta na Outlook

A nyochara TM / Li site na in-situ magnetik nlekota nke dị elu2Evolushọn nke usoro eletrọnịkị dị n'ime nke O nanocomposite iji kpughee isi iyi nke ikike nchekwa agbakwunyere maka batrị lithium-ion a. Nsonaazụ gosiri na, ma na Fe3O4/ Li nlereanya cell usoro, electrochemically belata Fe nanoparticles nwere ike na-echekwa nnukwu ichekwa ogho-polarized electrons, n'ihi n'ihi oke cell ikike na budata gbanwere interfacial magnetism. Nnwale ọzọ kwadoro CoO, NiO, na FeF2And Fe2 Ọnụnọ nke ikike dị otú ahụ na N electrode ihe na-egosi ịdị adị nke spin-polarized elu capacitance nke metal nanoparticles na lithium ion batrị ma na-atọ ntọala maka ntinye nke usoro nchekwa nchekwa ohere a na mgbanwe ndị ọzọ. metal compound dabeere electrode ihe.

Njikọ akwụkwọ

Ike nchekwa agbakwunyere na batrị lithium-ion metal oxide ekpughere site na situ magnetometry (Ihe okike , 2020, DOI: 10.1038/s41563-020-0756-y)

Mmetụta nke lithium electrode wafer design formula na electrode wafer ntụpọ na arụmọrụ

1. Pole film imewe ntọala isiokwu

Igwe batrị lithium bụ mkpuchi nke ihe mejupụtara ya, etinyere ya na mmiri igwe. Enwere ike iwere mkpuchi batrị lithium ion dị ka ihe mejupụtara, ọkachasị akụkụ atọ:

(1) Ngwakọta ihe na-arụ ọrụ;

(2) usoro ihe mejupụtara nke onye na-eduzi ihe na onye na-ahụ maka ya (usoro nrapado carbon);

(3) Pore, jupụta na electrolyte.

Ekwuru njikọ olu nke usoro nke ọ bụla dịka:

Porosity + ihe dị ndụ bụ akụkụ dị nta nke ntachi obi + carbon nrapado nke akụkụ olu dị nta =1

Imewe nke lithium batrị electrode imewe dị ezigbo mkpa, ma ugbu a ihe ọmụma bụ isi nke lithium batrị electrode imewe na nkenke.

(1) Theoretical ikike nke electrode ihe ikike usoro nke ihe electrode, ya bụ, ikike nke ion lithium niile na-enye n'ime ihe ndị na-etinye aka na mmeghachi omume electrochemical, a na-agbakọ uru ya site na nha anya:

Ọmụmaatụ, LiFePO4The molar mass bụ 157.756 g/mol, na ikike usoro ya bụ:

Uru a gbakọrọ bụ naanị ikike gram usoro iwu. Iji hụ na ngbanwe nke ihe a na-agbanwe agbanwe, ọnụọgụ mwepụ lithium ion n'ezie erughị 1, na ikike gram nke ihe ahụ bụ:

Ezi ikike gram nke ihe = ikike echiche nke lithium ion unplugging coefficient

(2) Ike imewe batrị na njupụta otu akụkụ nwere ike gbakọọ ikike imewe batrị site na usoro ndị a: ikike imepụta batrị = mkpuchi elu njupụta arụ ọrụ ruru ihe akụrụngwa gram ikike ogwe mpempe akwụkwọ mkpuchi mpaghara.

N'ime ha, njupụta elu nke mkpuchi bụ isi ihe nhazi nhazi. Mgbe njupụta compaction na-agbanweghị, mmụba nke mkpuchi elu njupụta pụtara na mpempe akwụkwọ osisi na-abawanye, ebe nnyefe eletrọn na-abawanye, na nguzogide electron na-abawanye, mana ogo mmụba dị oke. N'ime mpempe akwụkwọ electrode siri ike, mmụba nke mgbochi ọpụpụ nke ion lithium na electrolyte bụ isi ihe na-emetụta njirimara oke. N'iburu n'uche na porosity na pore na-agbagọ, ebe ọpụpụ nke ions na pore dị ọtụtụ ugboro karịa ọkpụrụkpụ nke mpempe akwụkwọ osisi.

(3) Akọwapụtara oke nke ikike na-adịghị mma na-adịghị mma n'ike N/P na ikike dị mma dị ka:

N / P kwesịrị ịdị ukwuu karịa 1.0, n'ozuzu 1.04 ~ 1.20, nke bụ isi na nchekwa nchekwa, iji gbochie ion lithium na-adịghị mma site na mmiri ozuzo na-enweghị isi iyi nnabata, imewe iji tụlee ikike usoro, dị ka mkpuchi mkpuchi. Agbanyeghị, mgbe N / P buru ibu, batrị ga-atụfu ikike enweghị ike ịtụgharị, na-ebute ikike batrị dị ala yana njupụta ike batrị belata.

Maka lithium titanate anode, a na-anakwere ihe nrụpụta electrode dị mma, yana ikike batrị na-ekpebi ike nke lithium titanate anode. The mma ngafe imewe na-enyere aka melite elu okpomọkụ arụmọrụ nke batrị: elu okpomọkụ gas tumadi na-abịa site na-adịghị mma electrode. N'ime nhazi nke ọma, ikike na-adịghị mma dị ala, ọ dịkwa mfe ịmepụta ihe nkiri SEI n'elu lithium titanate.

(4) Mkpịsị ọnụ na porosity nke mkpuchi N'ime usoro mmepụta ihe, a na-agbakọ njupụta mkpuchi mkpuchi nke electrode batrị site na usoro a. N'iburu n'uche na mgbe a na-atụgharị akwụkwọ mpịakọta ahụ, a na-agbatị foil ígwè ahụ, njupụta elu nke mkpuchi ahụ mgbe a na-agbakọ roller site na usoro a.

Dịka e kwuru na mbụ, mkpuchi ahụ nwere akụkụ nke ihe dị ndụ, usoro nrapado carbon na pore, na porosity nwere ike gbakọọ site na nha anya na-esonụ.

N'ime ha, nkezi njupụta nke mkpuchi bụ: lithium batrị electrode bụ ụdị ntụ ntụ irighiri nke mkpuchi, n'ihi na uzuzu n'elu ike ike, oge ufodu udi, mgbe ìgwè, ahụ n'etiti ahụ na ahụ, na ụfọdụ ahụ n'onwe ya nwere cracks na pores. ya mere olu ntụ ntụ gụnyere olu ntụ ntụ, pores n'etiti ihe ndị dị n'etiti ntụ ntụ na ihe ndị ahụ, ya mere, ihe dị iche iche nke electrode mkpuchi njupụta na ihe nnọchiteanya porosity. Njupụta nke ntụ ntụ ntụ ntụ na-ezo aka na oke ntụ ntụ kwa otu olu. Dị ka olu nke ntụ ntụ si dị, a na-ekewa ya n'ime ụdị atọ: ezi njupụta, njupụta nke ihe na nchịkọta nchịkọta. A kọwapụtara njupụta dị iche iche dị ka ndị a:

1. Ezi njupụta na-ezo aka na njupụta nke enwetara site na nkerisi uka ntụ ntụ site na olu (ezigbo olu) na-ewepu oghere dị n'ime na n'èzí nke ihe ndị ahụ. Ya bụ, njupụta nke okwu ahụ n'onwe ya nwetara mgbe e wepụrụ olu nke ihe efu niile.
2. Urughiri njupụta na-ezo aka njupụta nke ahụ enwetara site nkerisi uka ntụ ntụ kewara site urughuru olu gụnyere oghere oghere na mechiri emechi oghere. Nke ahụ bụ, ọdịiche dị n'etiti ihe ndị ahụ, ma ọ bụghị ezigbo pores n'ime ihe ndị ahụ, njupụta nke ihe ndị ahụ n'onwe ha.
3. Mkpokọta njupụta, ya bụ, mkpuchi mkpuchi, na-ezo aka njupụta nke a na-enweta site na ntụ ntụ nke kewara site na olu nke mkpuchi nke ntụ ntụ kpụrụ. Olu a na-eji na-agụnye pores nke ụmụ irighiri ihe n'onwe ha na oghere dị n'etiti ihe ndị ahụ.

Maka otu ntụ ntụ, ezi njupụta> njupụta urughuru> njupụta njupụta. Porosity nke ntụ ntụ bụ nha nke pores na mkpuchi ntụ ntụ, ya bụ, oke nke olu nke ihe efu n'etiti ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na pores nke ihe ndị ahụ na mkpokọta mkpuchi nke mkpuchi, nke a na-egosipụtakarị. dị ka pasent. The porosity nke ntụ ntụ bụ a keukwu onwunwe metụtara urughuru morphology, elu ala, urughuru size na urughuru size nkesa. Ya porosity na-emetụta ozugbo infiltration nke electrolyte na lithium ion nnyefe. N'ozuzu, ka porosity na-ebuwanye ibu, ntinye electrolyte dị mfe karị, na nnyefe lithium ion ngwa ngwa. Ya mere, na nhazi nke batrị lithium, mgbe ụfọdụ iji chọpụta porosity, usoro nrụgide mercury a na-ejikarị eme ihe, usoro mgbasa ozi gas, wdg nwekwara ike nweta site na iji njupụta njupụta. Porosity nwekwara ike inwe mmetụta dị iche iche mgbe ị na-eji njupụta dị iche iche maka mgbako. Mgbe njupụta nke porosity nke ihe dị ndụ, onye na-eduzi ihe na onye na-ekekọta ihe na-agbakọ site na ezi njupụta, porosity gbakọrọ na-agụnye ọdịiche dị n'etiti ihe ndị ahụ na ọdịiche dị n'ime ihe ndị ahụ. Mgbe porosity nke ihe ndị dị ndụ, onye na-eduzi ihe na onye na-ekekọta ihe na-agbakọ site na njupụta nke njupụta, porosity gbakọọ na-agụnye ọdịiche dị n'etiti ihe ndị ahụ, ma ọ bụghị ọdịiche dị n'ime ihe ndị ahụ. Ya mere, pore size nke lithium batrị electrode mpempe akwụkwọ bụkwa multi-ọnụ ọgụgụ, n'ozuzu ọdịiche dị n'etiti ahụ bụ na micron ọnụ ọgụgụ size, mgbe ọdịiche dị n'ime ahụ bụ na nanometer ka sub-submicron ọnụ ọgụgụ. N'ime electrodes porous, mmekọrịta nke akụrụngwa njem dị ka diffusivity na conductivity dị irè nwere ike igosipụta site na nha anya ndị a:

Ebe D0 na-anọchi anya ọnụọgụ ihe dị n'ime (nduzi) nke ihe ahụ n'onwe ya, ε bụ akụkụ nke olu nke usoro kwekọrọ, na τ bụ ntụgharị sekit nke oge kwekọrọ. N'ihe atụ macroscopic homogeneous, a na-ejikarị mmekọrịta Bruggeman eme ihe, na-ewere ọnụọgụ ɑ = 1.5 iji chọpụta ịdị mma nke electrodes porous.

A na-ejupụta electrolyte na pores nke electrodes porous, nke a na-eduzi ion lithium site na electrolyte, na njirimara nduzi nke ion lithium nwere njikọ chiri anya na porosity. Ka porosity na-abawanye, ka ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke akụkụ electrolyte na-adị elu, ma na-abawanye arụmọrụ nke ion lithium dị irè. N'ime mpempe akwụkwọ electrode dị mma, a na-ebunye electrons site na akụkụ nke nrapado carbon, akụkụ nke olu nke usoro nrapado carbon na ntụgharị nke usoro nrapado carbon na-ekpebi kpọmkwem conductivity nke electrons.

The porosity na olu nke akụkụ nke carbon nrapado na-emegiderịta onwe ya, na nnukwu porosity na-apụghị izere ezere na-eduga n'ibe nke olu nke carbon adhesive akụkụ, ya mere, irè conduction Njirimara nke lithium ion na electrons na-emegidekwa, dị ka e gosiri na Figure 2. Ka porosity na-ebelata, ion lithium na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na-ebelata ebe conductivity electron na-abawanye. Otu esi edozi ha abụọ dịkwa oke egwu na nhazi electrode.

Onyonyo 2 Eserese atụmatụ nke porosity na lithium ion na electron conductivity

2. Ụdị na nchọpụta nke ntụpọ osisi

 

Ka ọ dị ugbu a, na usoro nkwadebe ogwe batrị, a na-anabata teknụzụ nchọpụta ịntanetị na-aga n'ihu, nke mere na iji chọpụta ntụpọ nrụpụta nke ngwaahịa, kpochapụ ngwaahịa ndị na-adịghị mma, na nzaghachi n'oge maka ahịrị mmepụta, mgbanwe akpaka ma ọ bụ ntuziaka na mmepụta. usoro, iji belata ọnụ ọgụgụ na-adịghị mma.

Teknụzụ nchọpụta ịntanetị a na-ejikarị eme ihe n'ichepụta mpempe akwụkwọ gụnyere nchọpụta njirimara slurry, nchọpụta àgwà mpempe akwụkwọ, nchọpụta akụkụ na ihe ndị ọzọ, Dịka ọmụmaatụ: (1) a na-etinye mita viscosity ịntanetị ozugbo na mkpuchi mkpuchi iji chọpụta rheological. njirimara nke slurry na ozugbo, nwalee nkwụsi ike nke slurry; (2) Iji X-ray ma ọ bụ β-ray na usoro mkpuchi, ịdị oke nha nha ya, mana nnukwu radieshon, ọnụ ahịa akụrụngwa na nsogbu mmezi; (3) A na-etinye teknụzụ nha nha laser n'ịntanetị iji tụọ ọkpụrụkpụ nke mpempe akwụkwọ osisi ahụ, nha nha nwere ike iru ± 1. 0 μ m, Ọ nwekwara ike igosipụta mgbanwe mgbanwe nke nha nha na ọkpụrụkpụ na ozugbo, Kwado traceability data. na nyocha; (4) CCD ọhụụ technology, Ya bụ, akara n'usoro CCD na-eji ike iṅomi ihe tụrụ, Real-oge image nhazi na analysis nke ntụpọ edemede, Ghọta na-adịghị ebibi online nchọpụta nke okporo osisi mpempe akwụkwọ n'elu ntụpọ.

Dị ka ngwá ọrụ maka njikwa mma, teknụzụ nyocha n'ịntanetị dịkwa mkpa iji ghọta njikọ dị n'etiti ntụpọ na arụmọrụ batrị, iji chọpụta njirisi tozuru oke / erughi eru maka ngwaahịa emechara ọkara.

N'akụkụ nke ikpeazụ, usoro ọhụrụ nke nchọpụta ntụpọ elu nke batrị lithium-ion batrị, teknụzụ infrared thermal imaging na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ntụpọ ndị a dị iche iche na arụmọrụ electrochemical na-ewebata obere oge. Consult D. Mohanty A nyocha nke ọma site na Mohanty et al.

(1) A na-enwekarị ntụpọ n'elu osisi mpempe akwụkwọ

Ọgụgụ 3 na-egosi ntụpọ ndị a na-ahụkarị n'elu electrode batrị lithium ion, nke nwere onyonyo anya n'aka ekpe yana onyonyo nke onye na-ese ọkụ na-ese n'aka nri.

Ọgụgụ 3 Nrụrụ aka na-adịkarị n'elu mpempe akwụkwọ osisi: (a, b) envelopu / mkpokọta; (c, d) dobe ihe / pinhole; (e, f) metal ahụ mba ọzọ; (g, h) mkpuchi na-enweghị isi

 

(A, b) ebili elu / mkpokọta, ntụpọ ndị dị otú ahụ nwere ike ime ma ọ bụrụ na slurry na-akpali akpali ma ọ bụ ọsọ mkpuchi na-ejighị n'aka. Ngwakọta nke nrapado na carbon ojii conductive agents na-eduga na ọdịnaya dị ala nke ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ na obere mbadamba nkume pola.

 

(c, d) dobe / pinhole, ebe ndị a nwere nkwarụ anaghị ekpuchi ya ma na-emepụtakarị site na afụ na slurry. Ha na-ebelata ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ihe na-arụ ọrụ ma na-ekpughe onye nchịkọta na electrolyte, si otú a na-ebelata ikike electrochemical.

 

(E, f) metal mba ofesi, slurry ma ọ bụ metal mba ọzọ ewebata na akụrụngwa na gburugburu ebe obibi, na metal mba ọzọ nwere ike ịkpata nnukwu nsogbu na lithium batrị. Igwe igwe buru ibu na-emebi diaphragm ozugbo, na-ebute sekit dị mkpirikpi n'etiti electrodes dị mma na nke na-adịghị mma, nke bụ obere sekit anụ ahụ. Ke adianade do, mgbe metal mba ọzọ ahụ agwakọta n'ime nti electrode, nti nwere ike na-abawanye mgbe odori, metal solves, na-agbasa site na electrolyte, na mgbe ahụ precipitate na-adịghị mma elu, na n'ikpeazụ puncture na diaphragm, na-akpụ a mkpụmkpụ circuit. nke bụ mkpirisi mgbasa kemịkalụ. Ihe ndị mba ọzọ na-emekarị n'igwe na saịtị ụlọ ọrụ batrị bụ Fe, Cu, Zn, Al, Sn, SUS, wdg.

 

(g, h) mkpuchi na-enweghị isi, dị ka ịgwakọta slurry ezughị ezu, nke ọma nke urughuru dị mfe ịpụta n'ọnyá mgbe urughuru dị ukwuu, na-akpata mkpuchi na-enweghị isi, nke ga-emetụta ịdịgide nke ikike batrị, na ọbụna pụta kpamkpam. enweghị eriri mkpuchi, nwere mmetụta na ikike na nchekwa.

(2) A na-eji teknụzụ nchọta ihe nleba anya ọkụ ọkụ (IR) iji chọpụta obere ntụpọ na electrodes akọrọ nke nwere ike imebi arụmọrụ nke batrị lithium-ion. N'oge nchọpụta ịntanetị, ọ bụrụ na achọpụtara ntụpọ electrode ma ọ bụ ihe na-emerụ emerụ, kaa ya na mpempe akwụkwọ osisi ahụ, kpochapụ ya na usoro na-esote, ma zaghachi ya na ahịrị mmepụta, ma gbanwee usoro ahụ n'oge iji kpochapụ ntụpọ ahụ. Infrared ray bụ ụdị ebili mmiri electromagnetic nke nwere otu ọdịdị dị ka ebili mmiri redio na ìhè a na-ahụ anya. A na-eji ngwaọrụ eletrọnịkị pụrụ iche iji gbanwee nkesa okpomọkụ nke elu ihe ka ọ bụrụ ihe a na-ahụ anya nke anya mmadụ, na iji gosipụta nkesa okpomọkụ nke elu ihe na agba dị iche iche ka a na-akpọ teknụzụ infrared thermal imaging. A na-akpọ ngwaọrụ eletrọnịkị a infrared thermal imager. Ihe niile dị n'elu efu zuru oke (-273 ℃) na-ebunye radieshon infrared.
Dị ka egosiri na eserese 4, ihe na-ahụ maka ọkụ infrared (IR Camera) na-eji ihe nchọta infrared na ebumnobi onyonyo anya iji nabata ụkpụrụ nkesa ike radieshon nke ihe a tụrụ atụ ma tụgharịa ya na mmewere fotosensitivity nke ihe nchọta infrared iji nweta ya. ihe oyiyi thermal infrared, nke kwekọrọ na mpaghara nkesa ọkụ dị n'elu ihe ahụ. Mgbe enwere ntụpọ n'elu ihe, okpomọkụ na-agbanwe na mpaghara ahụ. Ya mere, a pụkwara iji nkà na ụzụ a chọpụta ntụpọ dị n'elu ihe ahụ, karịsịa nke dabara adaba maka ụfọdụ ntụpọ ndị a na-apụghị ịmata site na nchọpụta anya. Mgbe achọpụtara ihicha electrode nke lithium ion batrị na ntanetị, electrode electrode na-ebu ụzọ mee ka ọkụ na-egbuke egbuke, okpomọkụ dị elu na-agbanwe, mgbe ahụ, a na-achọpụta okpomọkụ dị elu site na onye na-ese ihe ọkụ. A na-ahụta ihe oyiyi nkesa okpomọkụ, a na-edozikwa ihe oyiyi ahụ na nyochaa ozugbo iji chọpụta ntụpọ dị n'elu na akara ha na oge.D. Mohanty The ọmụmụ arụnyere a thermal imager na mwepu nke coater ihicha oven iji chọpụta okpomọkụ nkesa oyiyi nke electrode mpempe akwụkwọ elu.

Ọnụọgụ 5 (a) bụ map nkesa okpomọkụ nke mkpuchi mkpuchi nke NMC nke ọma ogwe osisi nke onye na-ese ihe na-ekpo ọkụ na-achọpụta, nke nwere obere ntụpọ na-enweghị ike ịmata ọdịiche dị na anya gba ọtọ. A na-egosi akụkụ nkesa okpomọkụ kwekọrọ na mpaghara ụzọ na ntinye nke ime, yana mmụba okpomọkụ na ntụpọ ntụpọ. Na eserese 5 (b), okpomọkụ na-abawanye na mpaghara na igbe kwekọrọ, kwekọrọ na ntụpọ nke elu mpempe akwụkwọ osisi. FIG. 6 bụ ihe ngosi nkesa okpomọkụ nke elu nke mpempe akwụkwọ electrode na-adịghị mma na-egosi ịdị adị nke ntụpọ, ebe ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke okpomọkụ na-adaba na afụ ma ọ bụ nchịkọta, na ebe okpomọkụ na-ebelata kwekọrọ na pinhole ma ọ bụ dobe.

Ọgụgụ 5 Nkesa okpomọkụ nke elu mpempe akwụkwọ electrode dị mma

Ọgụgụ 6 Nkesa okpomọkụ nke elu electrode na-adịghị mma

 

Enwere ike ịhụ na nchọpụta thermal imaging nke nkesa okpomọkụ bụ ụzọ dị mma nke nchọpụta ntụpọ elu osisi osisi, nke nwere ike iji maka njikwa àgwà nke ịmepụta akwụkwọ mpempe akwụkwọ.3. Mmetụta nke mpe mpe mpe mpe akwa na arụrụ ọrụ batrị

 

(1) Mmetụta na ikike ịba ụba batrị na arụmọrụ Coulomb

Ọnụọgụ 7 na-egosi ngbanwe mmetụta nke mkpokọta na pinhole na ikike ịba ụba batrị na arụmọrụ coulen. Nchịkọta ahụ nwere ike imeziwanye ikike batrị, mana belata arụmọrụ coulen. Pinhole na-ebelata ikike batrị na arụ ọrụ Kulun, yana arụ ọrụ Kulun na-ebelata nke ukwuu n'ogo dị elu.

Figure 7 cathode mkpokọta na pinhole mmetụta na batrị ikike na arụmọrụ nke ọnụ ọgụgụ 8 bụ na-erughị eru mkpuchi, na metal mba ọzọ ahu Co na Al na batrị ikike na mmetụta nke arụmọrụ usoro, uneven mkpuchi ibelata batrị unit uka ikike 10% - 20%, mana ikike batrị niile belatara site na 60%, nke a na-egosi na oke ndụ na mpempe pola belatara nke ukwuu. Metal Co mba ọzọ ahụ belatara ikike na Coulomb arụmọrụ, ọbụna na 2C na 5C elu ịdị elu, enweghị ikike ọ bụla, nke nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi na e guzobere metal Co na electrochemical mmeghachi omume nke lithium na lithium agbakwunyere, ma ọ bụ na ọ nwere ike ịbụ metal ahụ. gbochiri oghere diaphragm kpatara obere sekit mkpirisi.

Ọnụọgụ 8 Mmetụta nke mkpuchi electrode dị mma na-enweghị isi na ihe ndị mba ọzọ metal Co na Al na ikike ịba ụba batrị na arụmọrụ coulen.

Nchịkọta nke ntụpọ akwụkwọ cathode: Ates na mkpuchi mpempe akwụkwọ cathode na-ebelata arụmọrụ Coulomb nke batrị ahụ. Ngwunye nke mkpuchi dị mma na-ebelata arụmọrụ Coulomb, na-eme ka arụ ọrụ na-adịghị mma na-abawanye ụba, karịsịa na njupụta dị ugbu a. Ihe mkpuchi dị iche iche gosipụtara arụmọrụ nkwalite na-adịghị mma. Ihe mmetọ nke igwe nwere ike ịkpata sekit dị mkpụmkpụ, yabụ nwere ike ibelata ikike batrị.
Ọnụọgụ 9 na-egosi mmetụta nke mpempe akwụkwọ ntapu na-adịghị mma na ike ịba ụba yana arụmọrụ Kulun nke batrị. Mgbe nkwụsị ahụ na-eme na electrode na-adịghị mma, ikike nke batrị na-ebelata nke ukwuu, ma ike gram adịghị egosi na ọ dị mkpa, na mmetụta na-arụ ọrụ Kulun adịghị mkpa.

 

Ọnụọgụ 9 Mmetụta nke eriri eriri electrode na-adịghị mma na ikike ịba ụba batrị na arụ ọrụ Kulun (2) Mmetụta na ịrụ ọrụ okirikiri batrị na-abawanye ụbara foto nke 10 bụ nsonaazụ nke ntụpọ elu electrode na-arụ ọrụ batrị batrị. A chịkọtara nsonaazụ mmetụta dị ka ndị a:
Egregation: na 2C, ọnụ ọgụgụ mmezi ikike nke 200 cycles bụ 70% na batrị na-adịghị mma bụ 12%, ebe na 5C okirikiri, ọnụ ọgụgụ mmezi ikike nke 200 cycles bụ 50% na batrị na-adịghị mma bụ 14%.
Needlehole: ike attenuation doro anya, ma ọ dịghị mkpokọta ntụpọ attenuation bụ ngwa ngwa, na ikike mmezi ọnụego nke 200 cycles 2C na 5C bụ 47% na 40%, n'otu n'otu.
Metal mba ọzọ ahu: ike nke metal Co mba ọzọ ahu fọrọ nke nta 0 mgbe ọtụtụ cycles, na 5C okirikiri ike nke metal mba ọzọ ahu Al foil ibelata budata.
Leak strip: Maka otu mpaghara ntapu, ikike batrị nke ọtụtụ ọnya ntanarị na-agbada ngwa ngwa karịa eriri ukwu (47% maka okirikiri 200 na 5C) (7% maka okirikiri 200 na 5C). Nke a na-egosi na ka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọnyá dị ukwuu, ka mmetụta na-abawanye na okirikiri batrị.

Ọgụgụ 10 Mmetụta nke mpe mpe mpe akwa electrode na okirikiri ọnụọgụ cell

 

Ntụle: [1] Ntụle na-adịghị emebi emebi nke oghere-die mkpuchi lithium secondary batrịelectrodes site na in-line laser caliper na IR thermography ụzọ [J].ANALYTICALMETHODS.2014, 6(3): 674-683.[2]Mmetụta. nke electrode n'ichepụta ntụpọ na electrochemical arụmọrụ nke lithium-ion batrị: Nghọta nke isi mmalite ọdịda batrị[J].Journal of Power Sources.2016, 312: 70-79.